View source for Wiggers diagram

[[Image:Wiggers.png|thumb|250px|Wiggers diagram.<BR><BR>Red = aortic pressure<BR>Blue = left ventricular pressure<BR>Yellow = left atrial pressure.]]
A '''Wiggers diagram''' is a standard diagram used in cardiac physiology. 

The X axis is used to plot time, while the Y axis contains all of the following on a single grid:

* [[Blood pressure]]
** [[Aortic]] pressure
** [[Ventricle (heart)|Ventricular]] pressure
** [[Atrial]] pressure
* Ventricular volume
* [[Electrocardiogram]]
* Arterial flow (optional)
* [[Heart sounds]] (optional)

By illustrating the coordinated variation of these values, it becomes easier to illustrate the relationship between these values in the [[cardiac cycle]]. 

==Etymology==
It is named after [[Carl J. Wiggers|Dr. Carl J. Wiggers, M.D.]]. The diagram is frequently called a "Wigger's diagram", but this is incorrect.

==Events==
{| class="wikitable"
 |- 
 | || Phase  || [[Electrocardiogram|EKG]]  || [[Heart sounds]] || [[Aortic valve]]  || [[Mitral valve]]
 |- 
 | A || [[Atrial]] [[Systole (medicine)|systole]]  || [[Electrocardiogram#P_wave|P]]  || S4*  || closed  || open
 |- 
 | B || [[Ventricle (heart)|Ventricular]] systole - Isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction  || [[QRS complex|QRS]]  || [[Heart_sounds#first_heart_tone.2C_or_S1.2C_.22lub.22|S1 ("lub")]]  || closed  || closed
 |- 
 | C1 || Ventricular systole - Ejection 1  || -  ||   || open  || closed
 |- 
 | C2 || Ventricular systole - Ejection 2  || [[Electrocardiogram#T_wave|T]]  ||   || open  || closed
 |- 
 | D || Ventricular [[diastole]] - Isovolumetric/isovolumic relaxation  || -  || [[Heart_sounds#second_heart_tone.2C_or_S2_.28components_A2_and_P2.29.2C_.22dub.22|S2 ("dub")]]  || closed  || closed
 |- 
 | E1 || Ventricular diastole - Ventricular filling 1  || -  || S3*  || closed  || open
 |- 
 | E2 || Ventricular diastole - Ventricular filling 2  || -  ||   || closed  || open

|}

Note that during [[isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction]] and relaxation, all the [[heart valves]] are closed. At no time are all the heart valves open.
*S3 and S4 heart sounds are associated with pathologies and are not routinely heard.

==Additional images==
<gallery>
 Image:Heart_systole.svg|Ventricular systole
 Image:Heart_diastole.png|Cardiac diastole
 Image:ECG_Principle_fast.gif|ECG
 Image:EKG_complex.png|The EKG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Pressure volume diagram]]

==External links==
* [http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html Flash animation at utah.edu]
* [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/cardiophysio/EKGwiggers.htm Diagram at mmi.mcgill.ca]
* [http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/Wiggers/sld001.htm Slides at ouhscphysio.org]
* [http://omaha.physiology.arizona.edu/Physiology485/Gore/Lecture10/Lect10Figs/L10.Fig4A.html?Submit=Press+to+see+Figure+4A Diagram at arizona.edu]
* [http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/physiology/cardio_res.htm Diagram at cals.ncsu.edu]
* [http://www.the-aps.org/about/pres/introcjw.htm Biography of Carl Wiggers]
* {{eMedicineDictionary|isometric+period+of+cardiac+cycle}}

[[Category:Blood pressure]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

{{medicine-stub}}
{{Cardiovascular physiology}}

[[cs:Wiggersův diagram]]
[[es:Diagrama de Wiggers]]
[[Category:2Fix]]