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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
  |name=AS.10 Oxford
  |image=RAF Airspeed AS.10 Oxford II Brown.jpg
  |caption=Oxford II inflight over [[Saskatchewan]], Canada in 1942
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
  |type= Training aircraft
  |manufacturer=[[Airspeed Ltd.]]
  |designer=
  |first flight= 19 June 1937
  |introduction=
  |retired=
  |status= Out of production, out of service
  |primary user= [[Royal Air Force]]
  |more users=
  |produced=
  |number built= 8,586<ref name = "fred 15"/>
  |unit cost=
  |developed from=[[Airspeed Envoy]]
  |variants with their own articles=[[Airspeed Consul]]
}}
|}
The '''Airspeed AS.10 Oxford''' is a twin-engine [[monoplane]] aircraft developed and manufactured by [[Airspeed Ltd|Airspeed]]. It saw widespread use for training [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] aircrews in navigation, radio-operating, bombing and gunnery roles throughout the [[World War II|Second World War]].

The Oxford was developed by Airspeed during the 1930s in response to a requirement for a capable trainer aircraft that conformed with [[List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1930.E2.80.931939|Specification T.23/36]], which had been issued by the British [[Air Ministry]]. Its basic design is derived from the company's earlier [[Airspeed Envoy|AS.6 Envoy]], a commercial passenger aircraft. Performing its [[maiden flight]] on 19 June 1937, it was rapidly put into production as part of a rapid expansion of the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) in anticipation of a large-scale conflict.

As a consequence of the outbreak of war, many thousands of Oxfords would be ordered by Britain and its allies, including Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, Poland, and the United States. Following the end of the conflict, the Oxford continued to achieve export sales for some time, equipping the newly formed air forces of Egypt, India, Israel, and [[Yugoslavia]]. It was considered to be a capable trainer aircraft throughout the conflict, as well as being used a general-purpose type. A large number of Oxfords have been preserved on static display.

==Development==
During the 1930s, a major expansion of the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) had been directed by the British government, which led to the formulation and issuing of a number of [[operational requirement]]s by the [[Air Ministry]].<ref name="Mod p628">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 628.</ref> One of these was Operational Requirement 42 (OR.42), which sought an advanced training aircraft to be specifically used by aircrews destined to serve on bomber aircraft. As the RAF was in the process of migrating from [[biplane]]s to [[monoplane]]s, which were capable of greater speeds and had more demanding flight characteristics, a suitable trainer was needed to match this step change.<ref name = "fred 15"/> At one point, the [[Avro Anson]] was considered for the role, however, it was thought that an aircraft more difficult to fly would be necessary. Accordingly, on 10 July 1936, [[List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1930.E2.80.931939|Specification T.23/36]] was issued to [[Airspeed Ltd|Airspeed]] for the development of a twin-engined training aircraft to meet OR.42.<ref name="ab18">Hamlin 2001, pp. 18-26.</ref>

[[File:Royal Air Force Medical Services, 1939-1945. CH2171.jpg|thumb|A patient and attendant on board an Oxford of the Air Ambulance Unit]]
Developed to meet the requirements of Specification T.23/36 by Airspeed, the Oxford was based on the company's existing commercial 8-seater aircraft, the [[Airspeed Envoy|AS.6 Envoy]], designed by [[A. H. Tiltman|Hessell Tiltman]]. Seven Envoys had already been modified for the [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF) as the "Convertible Envoy", which could be equipped at short notice with bomb racks and with a machine-gun in a hand-operated [[Armstrong Whitworth]] dorsal turret. Airspeed gained substantial benefit from its prior work on the Envoy and the Convertible Envoy in its development of the Oxford.<ref name="Mod p628"/> The Air Ministry approved of the project, leading to an initial order for the type being placed during 1937.<ref name = "fred 15"/>

It was decided to opt for a large first batch, totalling 136 aircraft, as this allowed for the implementation of more economical flow-line production at Airspeed's [[Portsmouth]] factory.<ref name="Mod p631">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 631.</ref> On 19 June 1937, the first prototype Oxford, ''[[United Kingdom military aircraft serials|L4534]]'', conducted its [[maiden flight|first flight]] at Portsmouth. Initially, two variants were planned; the Mark I, which was viewed as a general-purpose training aircraft equipped with a dorsal [[Gun_turret#Aircraft|gun turret]], and the Mark II, which lacked any turret but was instead fitted with dual controls.<ref name="Mod p628"/> As further large contracts for the aircraft were placed with Airspeed, (100 Mk Is and 100 Mk IIs) it was arranged that [[de Havilland|de Havilland Aircraft]] would build them at Hatfield later, to meet the demands for Oxfords for training. Other companies also manufactured the aircraft.<ref name="ab18" /><ref name="Mod p628"/>

By the end of production, a total of 8,586 Oxfords had been completed.<ref name = "fred 15"/> Of these, 4,411 had been produced by Airspeed at its Portsmouth factory, another 550 at the Airspeed-run [[British shadow factories|shadow factory]] at [[RAF Christchurch|Christchurch]], [[Dorset]], 1,515 by de Havilland at [[Hatfield, Hertfordshire|Hatfield]], 1,360 by [[Percival Aircraft]] at [[Luton]] and 750 by [[Standard Motors]] at [[Coventry]].<ref name="Midd2 p325-6">Middleton ''Aeroplane Monthly'' June 1980, pp. 325–326.</ref>

==Design==
[[File:Airspeeed AS.10 Oxford HM954 at Blackbushe 1954.jpg|thumb|Oxford communications aircraft of [[RAF Marham]] Station Flight at [[Blackbushe Airport]] in September 1955]]
The Oxford was a low-wing twin-engine [[cantilever]] [[monoplane]], featuring a semi-[[monocoque]] constructed [[fuselage]], a [[conventional landing gear]] configuration and a wooden [[Empennage|tail unit]]. It was capable of reproducing the flight characteristics of many contemporary front-line aircraft then in military service.<ref name="Mod p628"/> It was specifically developed to be suitable for a range of training missions, including navigation, flying instruction, night flying, instrument flying, [[radio|wireless]], direction-finding, gunnery, and [[aerial reconnaissance|vertical photography]].<ref name="Mod p628"/> The Oxford was specifically planned and developed to incorporate various modern innovations and equipment fittings, including a full array of instruments and controls within the cockpit, which assisted in its principal trainer role.<ref name="Mod p628"/> In addition, the Oxford could also be used in various secondary roles, such as an [[air ambulance]] and [[maritime patrol]] aircraft.<ref name="Janes">Bridgman 1988</ref><ref name="Mod p628"/>

In terms of flying experience, the Oxford was suitably representative as to enable pilots to migrate onto larger transport aircraft with ease while possessing smooth flight characteristics.<ref name="Mod p628 629">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, pp. 628-629.</ref> The controls were relatively straightforward, typically remaining consistent and easily adjustable; the second pilot's position is also provided with a fully furnished suite of key flight instrumentation. It was equipped with the standard blind-flying panel, incorporating an [[airspeed indicator]], [[altimeter]], [[artificial horizon]], directional
gyroscope, rate of climb indicator and turn indicator.<ref name="Mod p630"/> Life support equipment includes three oxygen regulators, a flowmeter, three bayonet unions and three high-pressure oxygen cylinders of 750 litres capacity.<ref name="Mod p632">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 632.</ref> The external view of the cockpit was considered to be very high for the era, superior to the majority of its contemporaries, but is unavoidably interrupted by the engine cowlings acting as [[blind spot (vehicle)|blind spot]]s.<ref name="Mod p629">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 629.</ref>

It was normally operated by a three-man crew; the seating arrangement could be altered in orders to suit various purposes, such as to better enable a specific training role. The [[cockpit]] was outfitted with dual flying controls and a pair of seats, intended to accommodate a pilot and either a navigator or second pilot alongside. When used for [[Bombardier (air force)|bomb aimer]] training, the second set of controls would be removed and the freed-up space was instead used to accommodate a [[Prone position|prone]] bomb-aimer.<ref name="Janes"/> When used as a [[Navigator|navigation]] trainer, the second seat was pushed back so that it would line up with the chart table.<ref name="Mod p630"/> Aft of the cockpit was a wireless operator station, facing aft on the starboard side of the [[fuselage]]. On the Oxford I, a [[Gun turret|dorsal turret]] was located amidships; it could be used for training navigators, bomb-aimers, wireless operators, air gunners and camera operators.<ref name="Janes"/> The centre section can contain up to 16 11 lb. practice bombs, which are controlled via bomb-release switches installed at the pilot and bomb-aimers' stations.<ref name="Mod p632"/>

[[File:Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1939-1945- Airspeed As 10 Oxford. CH1097.jpg|thumb|left|A trio of Oxfords flying in formation]]
The Oxford was normally powered by a pair of [[Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah|Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah X]] air-cooled [[radial engine]]s, capable of generating 340 hp.<ref name="Mod p631"/> These were initially outfitted with wooden fixed-position [[de Havilland Propellers|de Havilland]]-built [[propeller]]s, but had been designed from the onset to accommodate [[variable-pitch propeller]]s when these became available.<ref name="Mod p629 631">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 629, 631.</ref> The starboard engine drives a [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] pump and air compressor, the former being used to actuate the [[landing gear|undercarriage]] and [[Flap (aeronautics)|flap]]s while the latter is used for the braking system; a [[vacuum]] pump is also present for the [[gyroscope|gyroscopic instrumentations]]. The port engine drives a 500-watt [[electrical generator]].<ref name="Mod p629 632">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, pp. 629, 632.</ref> The engine cowling features an inlet that draws cooling air into a tank; a pair of tinned steel oil tanks are also contained within the cowling. [[Welded]] steel construction was used for the nacelles, which attach to the centre section of the wing at four separate [[rubber]]-insulated joints.<ref name="Mod p631"/>

The retractable undercarriage of the Oxford was internally designed, featuring broken-braced twin oleo legs that retract rearward into each engine nacelle.<ref name="Mod p631"/> Although actuation of the retraction mechanism is normally achieved via an engine-driven pump, a manual fall-back mechanism is provided to force the wheels down in the event of an in-flight engine failure. The undercarriage wheels are equipped with pneumatically-operated brakes, which were controlled by a lever set on each control column.<ref name="Mod p631"/> For inspection purposes, access panels are located beneath the pilot's cockpit for internal access to the flight controls, hydraulics and electrical components; inspection panels are also present in the outer wing sections.<ref name="Mod p632"/>

The semi-[[monocoque]] fuselage of Oxford uses an arrangement of spruce [[longeron]]s and [[Beam (structure)|stiffener]]s underneath a plywood exterior.<ref name="Mod p631"/> It is constructed in two sections on separate [[jig (tool)|jig]]s, divided between the front and rear, these are joined together at the rear bulkhead. The forward bulkhead is deliberately reinforced so that the structure is capable of withstanding the impact of the aircraft turning over during landing in the hands of an unfortunate trainee pilot.<ref name="Mod p631"/> Both the elevator and fin of the tail unit used a wooden spar and rib structure covered by fabric.<ref name="Mod p631"/> The fuselage can be partially dismantled, the wing dividing into three separate sections, so that it can be road-transported. The wing uses a stressed-skin ply-covered structure using spruce flanges and ply webs.<ref name="Mod p631"/> The spars are assembled upon a single jig, while others are used for the elements of the [[leading edge]] and [[trailing edge]]. Similar construction to the centre section is also used in the outer panels.<ref name="Mod p631"/> The wings are outfitted with hydraulically-operated split flaps, which extend between the ailerons.<ref name="Mod p631"/>

==Operational history==
[[File:Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1939-1945- Airspeed As 10 Oxford. CH2166.jpg|thumb|A formation of Oxford air ambulances in flight]]
[[File:The Royal Air Force in Britain, February 1942 TR33.jpg|thumb|Three Oxford Mk Is of [[No. 6 Flying Training School RAF|No. 6 Flying Training School]] at [[RAF Little Rissington]], [[Gloucestershire]], in formation flight]]
The Oxford (nicknamed the 'Ox-box') was used to prepare complete aircrews for [[RAF Bomber Command]] and could simultaneously train pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, gunners and radio operators on the same flight.<ref name="Aircraft">Wilson 1998</ref><ref name = "fred 15">Fredriksen 2001, p. 15.</ref> In addition to training duties, Oxfords were used in communications and anti-submarine roles and as air ambulances in the [[Middle East]].{{CN|date=May 2017}}

The Oxford was the preferred trainer for the [[Empire Air Training Scheme]] (EATS) and [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] (BCATP), which sent thousands of potential aircrew to Canada for training. 27 Oxfords were on the strength of No 4 Flying Training School [[RAF Habbaniya]], [[Iraq]] in early 1941 and some were converted locally, for use as light bombers to help in the defence of the School against Iraqi forces.<ref>A V-M A G Dudgeon CBE DFC ''The War That Never Was'' Airlife Publishing, 1991</ref>

In 1941, the aviator [[Amy Johnson]] went missing in an Airspeed Oxford, presumably crashing into the [[Thames Estuary]].{{CN|date=May 2017}}

After the war, 152 surplus Oxfords were converted into 6-seat commercial airliners called the [[Airspeed Consul|AS.65 Consul]]. A few Oxfords were acquired by the [[Hellenic Air Force]] and used by the [[335th Squadron (HAF)|335th Squadron]] during the [[Greek Civil War]].{{CN|date=May 2017}}

Although the Oxford was equipped with fixed-pitch wooden or [[Fairey Aviation Company|Fairey]]-Reed metal [[Propeller (aircraft)|propellers]], the cockpit contained a propeller pitch lever, which had to be moved from "Coarse" to "Fine" for landing. This was to reinforce this important step for trainee pilots.{{CN|date=May 2017}}

Oxfords continued to serve the Royal Air Force as trainers and light transports until the last was withdrawn from service in 1956. Some were sold for use by overseas air arms, including the Royal Belgian Air Force.{{CN|date=May 2017}}

===Australia===
From November 1940, the Royal Australian Air Force received 391 Oxford I and IIs from RAF contracts for use in Australia.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=Stewart|title=Military Aircraft of Australia|date=1994|publisher=Aerospace Publications|location=Weston Creek, Australia|isbn=1875671080|pages=216}}</ref> Most of the survivors were sold in the early 1950s.<ref name="ab-vh">Hamlin 2001, pp. 198-209.</ref>

===Canada===
The Royal Canadian Air Force ordered 25 Oxford Is in 1938. They were taken from RAF stocks and shipped to Canada in 1939 and assembled by Canadian Vickers at Montreal. Issued to the Central Flying School, they were later joined by large numbers of RAF aircraft to equip the Service Flying Training Schools.<ref name="ab-cf">Hamlin 2001, pp. 209-225.</ref>

===New Zealand===
New Zealand was one of the first nations to order the Oxford in 1937 with a contract for five Oxford Is; the fifth aircraft was modified as a survey aircraft. They were delivered to New Zealand by sea and assembled at RNZAF Hobsonville at the end of 1938. The RNZAF placed further orders for six and then 30 Oxfords. With the start of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan a further 140 aircraft were allocated, which included the last batch of 30 ordered.<ref name="ab-zk">Hamlin 2001, pp. 225-233.</ref> In total, the RNZAF operated 299 Oxfords between 1938 and 1952.

===South Africa===
As part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the South African Air Force was allocated nearly 700 Oxfords which started to arrive in South Africa from November 1940. Due to the intense training, 256 aircraft were lost to accidents. Most survivors were withdrawn in 1945 and had been sold by 1947.<ref name="ab-zs">Hamlin 2001, pp. 233-245.</ref>

===United States===
The United States Army Air Force units used 137 Oxfords on loan from the Royal Air Force. Mostly used as general-purpose communications aircraft in the United Kingdom and from June 1942, they were also used for [[Blind approach beacon system|Beam Approach]] Training. By the end of 1944, American types were available and all had been returned to the Royal Air Force by the end of the year. A small number had also been loaned to the USAAF in Australia by the Royal Australian Air Force. Two Oxfords were used by the United States Navy in the United Kingdom as communications aircraft.<ref name="ab-others">Hamlin 2001, pp. 246-259.</ref>

===Other users===
[[File:Airspeed AS.10 Oxford 4.jpg|thumb|right|Preserved Belgian Air Force Oxford in the Brussels War Museum]]
;Belgium
* When the Belgian section of the Royal Air Force returned to Belgian control as the Militaire Vliegwezen (became the Belgian Air Force in 1949), the RAF donated thirty Oxfords to form a flying training school. They were used until the late 1950s with the last aircraft being donated to the Brussels War Museum in 1960.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Belgian Congo
:In April 1944 six Oxfords were transferred to the Force Publique in the Belgian Congo, they were with withdrawn from use in 1955.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Burma
* At least 15 Oxfords along with some Consuls were supplied to the Union of Burma Air Force in the late 1940s with some being modified to carry pod-mounted forward facing machine guns and rocket projectiles.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Ceylon
* Three former RAF Oxfords were delivered to the Royal Ceylon Air Force in 1953.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Czechoslovakia
* It is reported that some Oxfords were given the type code D42 and were used for bombing training.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Denmark
* From the end of 1946 the Danish Air Force received 44 former RAF Oxfords for advanced flying training at Karup, they were also used for communications and aerial photography, they were all withdrawn by 1956.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Egypt
* RAF Oxfords where loaned to the Royal Egyptian Air Force but at least one was transferred in 1948.<ref name="ab-others" />
;France
* The Free French Air Force in West Africa received five new Oxfords in 1944 and were used until 1946.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Greece
* The Royal Hellenic Air Force received at least 33 Oxfords in 1947 for transportand aerial photography.<ref name="ab-others" />
;India
* When India became independent in December 1947 nine Oxfords were transferred to the Royal Indian Air Force, later Indian Air Force from December 1949.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Iran
* Three Oxfords were delivered to the Imperial Iranian Air Force.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Israel
* Three Oxfords and eleven Consuls were used by the Central Flying School of the Israeli Defence Force Air Force for twin-engined training in the early 1950s.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Netherlands
* From May 1946 the Royal Netherlands Air Force received 28 Oxfords for aircrew training, they had been withdrawn from use by 1952.<ref name="ab-others" />
* In October 1947 the Royal Netherlands Navy received three Oxfords for multi-engined and navigation training from Valkenburg, two former Royal Netherlands Air Force aircraft were added in 1951, all were withdrawn by 1952.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Norway
* The Royal Norwegian Air Force bought twenty surplus Oxfords from the RAF in 1947.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Portugal
* The Portuguese Army and Navy each received six Oxfords in 1943 under Operation Oatmeal, by the time the Portuguese Air Force was formed in 1952 four aircraft were still in service.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Turkey
* The Turkish Air Force were supplied with 50 Oxford Is in 1943 and these were later joined by twenty more between 1946 and 1947. They were replaced by the AT-11 in the early 1950s and the survivors were scrapped.<ref name="ab-others" />
;Yugoslavia
* Five Oxfords were supplied to the Yugoslav Air Force between 1951 and 1958 by Norway under the Mutual Defence Aid Program and used for twin-engined training of Mosquito crews.<ref name="ab-others" />

==Variants==
;AS.10 Oxford I
:To produce the Oxford I for the [[Royal Air Force]], Airspeed increased the wingspan, modified the nose and employed fully [[Cowling|cowled]] [[Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah]] IX [[radial engine]]s of 350 hp (265 kW).  The first Mark I flew on 19 June 1937 and entered service with the Central Flying School in November of that year.  By the start of the war, about 300 Mk I Oxfords were in service with the RAF, while a number were also being used by the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] to train pilots for the RAF.
;AS.10 Oxford II
:The prevalence of powered turrets by the start of the war meant the Oxford's role as a gunnery trainer lapsed. The Oxford II, 70 of which were in service by the start of the war, dispensed with the turret and were used primarily as radio and navigation trainers.
;AS.10 Oxford III
:Powered by two Cheetah XV engines with 425 hp (315 kW) and [[Dowty Rotol|Rotol]] constant-speed propellers, used for navigation and radio training.
;AS.10 Oxford IV
:Flying test-bed for [[de Havilland Gipsy Queen]] IV engines.
;Oxford T.II
:Only 9 of these were built, eight of them being conversions of Mk Is.
;AS.40 Oxford
:Civil conversion for radio research, two built.
;AS.41 Oxford
:Used by [[Miles Aircraft]] as a flying test-bed for [[Alvis Leonides]] engine, one conversion.
;AS.42 Oxford
:Oxford I to meet Specification T.39/37 for New Zealand.
;AS.43 Oxford
:Survey variant of the AS.42
;AS.46 Oxford V
:The final variant, upgraded to [[Pratt & Whitney R-985]] radial engines with 450 hp (335 kW) and Hamilton-Standard variable-pitch propellers. Many Mark I and II Oxfords were upgraded to the Mark V standard.
;AS.65 Consul
:After the end of WWII, over 150 aircraft surplus ex-RAF Oxfords were converted for civilian transport operation; this type was known as the [[Airspeed Consul]].

==Operators==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
;{{AUS}}
* [[Royal Australian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-vh" />
;{{BEL}}
* [[Belgian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Belgian Congo}}
* [[Force Publique]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Burma|1948}}
* [[Union of Burma Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Ceylon}}
* [[Royal Ceylon Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Canada|1921}}
* [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-cf" />
;{{CZS}}
* [[Czechoslovakian Air Force]] - One aircraft, in service from 1945 to 1948
;{{flag|Denmark}}
* [[Royal Danish Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Egypt|1922}}
* [[Royal Egyptian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Free France}}
* [[Free French Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|Greece|old}}
* [[Royal Hellenic Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{IND}}
* [[Indian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
{{col-3}}
;{{IRN}}
* [[Imperial Iranian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{ISR}}
* [[Israeli Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{NLD}}
* [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
* [[Dutch Naval Aviation Service]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{NZL}}
* [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]<ref name="ab-zk" />
** [[No. 1 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 2 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 7 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 8 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 14 Squadron RNZAF]]
** [[No. 42 Squadron RNZAF]]
;{{flag|Norway}}
* [[Royal Norwegian Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{POL}}
* [[Polish Air Force in Great Britain]]
;{{POR}}
* [[Portuguese Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
* [[Portuguese Army]]<ref name="ab-others" />
* [[Portuguese Navy]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}
* [[South African Air Force]]<ref name="ab-zs" />
;{{TUR}}
* [[Turkish Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
{{col-3}}
;{{UK}}
* [[Royal Air Force]]<ref name="Jefford1988p137">{{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=137.}}</ref>
** [[No. 1 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 5 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 17 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 20 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 24 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 34 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 41 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 116 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 173 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 192 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 285 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 286 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 287 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 288 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 289 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 290 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 510 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 526 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 527 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 529 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 567 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 577 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 587 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 595 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 598 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 631 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 667 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 691 Squadron RAF]]
** [[No. 695 Squadron RAF]]
* [[Fleet Air Arm]]
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Army Air Forces]]<ref name="ab-others" />
* [[United States Navy]]<ref name="ab-others" />
;{{YUG}}
* [[SFR Yugoslav Air Force]]<ref name="ab-others" />
{{col-end}}

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:Airspeed AS.10 Oxford V3388 G-AHTW STAV 02.10.71 edited-3.jpg|thumb|Preserved Oxford I wearing wartime colour scheme. Now displayed at the [[Imperial War Museum]] at [[RAF Duxford]]]]
[[File:South Africa-Port Elizabeth-SAAFMuseum-Airspeed Oxford01.jpg|thumb|An Airspeed Oxford restoration on display at the [[South African Air Force Museum]], [[Port Elizabeth]]]]
;Belgium
* 016/MP455 – Oxford I on static display at the [[Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History]] in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Airspeed AS-10/41/45/65 / Consul / Oxford, s/n 0-16 FABe, c/n PAC.936|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=13227|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="Demobbed" />

;Canada
* Replica – Unknown with Frank Thompson of Reidland, Saskatchewan. It was rebuilt to static display condition by volunteers from the [[Saskatchewan Western Development Museum]] in [[Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chabun|first1=Will|title=Remembering Don O'Hearne|url=https://sites.google.com/site/cahsreginachapter/remembering-don-o-hearne|website=CAHS Regina Chapter|publisher=Google Sites|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Special Honour|url=http://www.geocities.ws/mj_var|website=VINTAGE AIRCRAFT RESTORERS|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Perrault|first1=Gisele|title=Vickers Vedette Nears Completion|url=http://www.pressreader.com/canada/moose-jaw-expresscom/20140904/281479274602591|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=Moose Jaw Express|date=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Skaarup|first1=Harold A.|title=Canadian Warplanes|date=2009|publisher=iUniverse|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=9781440167584|page=454|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrJR8oQJHc4C|accessdate=15 December 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1995 Fall & Winter Newsletter|url=http://www.bombercommandmuseum.ca/newsletter1995_2.html|website=Bomber Command Museum of Canada|publisher=Nanton Lancaster Society|accessdate=15 December 2016|date=1995}}</ref>

;New Zealand
* PK286 – Oxford I on static display at the [[Air Force Museum of New Zealand]] in [[Wigram|Wigram, Canterbury]]. It had been converted to [[Airspeed Consul]] configuration in 1947. It is on long-term loan from the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airspeed Oxford|url=http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/main/AirspeedOxford|website=Air Force Museum of New Zealand|accessdate=15 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130907/http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/main/AirspeedOxford|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref> The aircraft went on display in February 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Graham|first1=Rachel|title=Classic Oxford for Air Force Museum|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/regional/295687/classic-oxford-for-air-force-museum|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=RNZ|publisher=Radio New Zealand|date=3 February 2016}}</ref>
* NZ277 – Oxford I wreckage on display at the Taranaki Aviation Transport and Technology Museum near [[New Plymouth|New Plymouth, Taranaki]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Treweek|first1=Phillip|title=Taranaki Aviation Transport And Technology Museum (TATATM)|url=http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/mustatm.html|website=Kiwi Aircraft Images|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> The aircraft crashed in October 1942. The wreckage was discovered 32 years later by NZ Forester Service hunter [[Errol Clince]] in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 48606|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=48606|website=Aviation Safety Network|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref>
* NZ1332 – Oxford II under restoration by Don Subritzky in [[Dairy Flat|Dairy Flat, Auckland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Airspeed Oxford II, s/n NZ1332 RNZAF, c/n 228|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=163465|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Treweek|first1=Phillip|title=Airspeed Oxford I & II|url=http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/oxford.html|website=Kiwi Aircraft Images|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Subritzky Aircraft Collection at Dairy Flat 17-9-2014|url=http://nzcivair.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-subritzky-aircraft-collection-at.html|website=NZ Civil Aircraft|publisher=NZCIVAIR|accessdate=15 December 2016|date=18 September 2014}}</ref>
* R6029 – Unknown on display at the [[Croydon Aircraft Company]] in [[Mandeville, New Zealand|Mandeville, Southland]]. It is configured as Consul VR-SCD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Newsletter dated March 2013|url=http://www.nevilshute.org/nlmarch2014.php|website=Nevil Shute Norway Foundation|publisher=Nevil Shute Foundation|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref>

;South Africa
* ED290 – Oxford I under restoration to static display at the [[South African Air Force Museum]] in [[Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stringer|first1=Paul|title=Airspeed Oxford Restoration|url=http://saafmuseum.org.za/airspeed-oxford-restoration|website=South African Air Force Museum|accessdate=15 December 2016|date=14 May 2012}}</ref>

;United Kingdom
* MP425 – Oxford I on static display at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airspeed Oxford 1|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/airspeed-oxford-1/|website=Royal Air Force Museum|publisher=Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="RAFM">{{cite web|last1=Simpson|first1=Andrew|title=INDIVIDUAL HISTORY|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/69-A-909-Airspeed-Oxford.pdf|website=Royal Air Force Museum|publisher=Royal Air Force Museum|accessdate=15 December 2016|date=2013}}</ref>
* V3388 – Oxford I on static display at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in [[Duxford, Cambridgeshire]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airspeed AS40 Oxford Mk I|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000073|website=Imperial War Museums|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref>
* AT605 – Oxford I wreck under rebuild with the Midland Aircraft Recovery Group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Midland Aircraft Recovery Group Projects|url=http://www.aviationarchaeology.org.uk/marg/projects.htm|website=British Aviation Archaeological Council|publisher=British Aviation Archaeological Council|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref>
* EB518 – Oxford V stored in [[Baxterley, Warwickshire]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hillman|first1=Gary|title=The Harvard Flyer|url=http://penholdbase.ca/Harvard%20Flyer/2009/Harvard%20Flyer-FEB.pdf|website=Harvard Historical Aviation Society|publisher=Harvard Historical Aviation Society|accessdate=15 December 2016|date=February 2009}}</ref><ref name="Demobbed">{{cite web|title=Airspeed Oxford|url=http://www.demobbed.org.uk/aircraft.php?type=822|website=Demobbed|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref>

==Specifications (Mk I)==
[[File:Oxford AS10 Silh.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Oxford AS 10]]
{{aircraft specifications
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->

<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=Modern Trainer<ref name="Mod p630">''Flight'' 30 June 1938, p. 630.</ref>
<!-- Now, fill out the specs.  Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with a right parenthesis ")" and start a new, fully formatted line beginning with an asterisk "*" -->
|crew=3
|length main=34 ft 6 in
|length alt=10.52 m
|span main=53 ft 4 in
|span alt=16.26 m
|height main=11 ft 1 in
|height alt=3.38 m
|area main=348 ft²<ref name="Thet RAF">Thetford 1957, pp. 18–19.</ref>
|area alt=32.3 m²
|empty weight main=5,322 lb
|empty weight alt=2,419 kg
|loaded weight main=7,500 lb
|loaded weight alt=3,409 kg
|max takeoff weight main=
|max takeoff weight alt=
|engine (prop)=[[Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah|Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah X]]
|type of prop=[[radial engine]]s
|number of props=2
|power main=350 hp
|power alt=261 kW
|max speed main=192 mph
|max speed alt=167 knots, 309 km/h
|max speed more=at 8,000 ft (2,440 m)
|range main=
|range alt=
|endurance=5.5 hr
|ceiling main=23,550 ft
|ceiling alt=7,180 m
|climb rate main=1,340 ft/min
|climb rate alt=6.8 m/s
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|guns=0.303 in (7.7 mm) [[Vickers K machine gun]] in dorsal turret
|bombs=16× 11.5 lb  (5 kg) practice bombs carried externally

}}

==See also==
{{External media|topic= |width=20% |align=right |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaVAFSWOZl0 Reveal of a freshly-restored Oxford] |video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s40vDGTB5fM Images of a preserved Oxford on static display] |video3=}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Airspeed Consul]]
* [[Airspeed Envoy]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Avro Anson]]
* [[Cessna AT-17 Bobcat]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist|group=N}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* Bridgman, Leonard. ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. New York: Crescent Books, 1988. {{ISBN|0-517-67964-7}}.
* Flintham, V. (1990). ''Air Wars and Aircraft: a detailed record of air combat, 1945 to the present''. London : Arms and Armour. {{ISBN|0-85368-779-X}}.
* Fredriksen, John C. ''International Warbirds: An Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft, 1914-2000''. ABC-CLIO, 2001. {{ISBN|1-57607-364-5}}.
* Gunston, Bill. ''Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways''. London: Osprey, 1995. {{ISBN|1-85532-526-8}}.
* Hamlin, John F. ''The Oxford, Consul & Envoy File''. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2001. {{ISBN|0-85130-289-0}}.
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Jefford|1988}}|reference=Jefford, C.G, [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], BA, RAF (Retd). ''RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912''. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988. {{ISBN|1-84037-141-2}}.}}
* Middleton, Don. "RAF Piston Trainers No 9 Airspeed Oxford–Part One". ''[[Aeroplane Monthly]]'', May 1980, Volume 9 No 5, ISSN 0143-7240. pp.&nbsp;242–249.
* Middleton, Don. "RAF Piston Trainers No 9 Airspeed Oxford–Part Two". ''[[Aeroplane Monthly]]'', June 1980, Volume 9 No 6, ISSN 0143-7240. pp.&nbsp;322–327.
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%201836.html "Modern Trainer."] ''[[Flight International|Flight]]'', 30 June 1938, pp.&nbsp;628–632.
* Pacco, John. "Airspeed Oxford Mk.I" ''Belgisch Leger/Armee Belge: Het militair Vliegwezen/l'Aeronautique militaire 1930-1940''. Artselaar, Belgium, 2003, p.&nbsp;89. {{ISBN|90-801136-6-2}}.
* Rawlings, John D.R. "The Airspeed Oxford". ''Aircraft in Profile, Volume 11''. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1971.
* Thetford, Owen. ''Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1918–57''. London: Putnam, 1957.
* Wilson, Stewart. ''Aircraft of WWII''. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1998. {{ISBN|1-875671-35-8}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Airspeed AS.10 Oxford}}
* [http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/Aircraft/Oxford.htm Fleet Air Arm Archive]
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1943/1943%20-%201363.html "Singles to Twins"] 1943 article on using Oxford for training
{{Airspeed aircraft}}

[[Category:Airspeed aircraft|Oxford]]
[[Category:British military trainer aircraft 1930–1939]]
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1937]]