View source for List of eponymous medical signs

'''Eponymous [[medical sign]]s''' are those  that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of '''diagnostic''' significance; i.e. tests, reflexes, etc.

{| class="wikitable" class="sortable wikitable" 
| '''Letter''' || '''Sign'''  || '''Name'''  || '''Specialty'''  || '''Associated conditions'''  || '''External link<br />(if no internal link)'''|| '''Descriptor'''  
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Aaron sign]]   ||  [[Charles Dettie Aaron]]  || surgery || [[appendicitis]]   || ||epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Abadie's sign]]   ||  [[Jean Marie Charles Abadie]]  ||endocrinology   ||[[Graves' disease]]   || ||levator palpebrae superioris spasm 
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Abadie's symptom]]   ||  [[Joseph Louis Irenée Jean Abadie]]  ||neurology   ||[[tabes dorsalis]]   || ||absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Abderhalden reaction]]   ||  [[Emil Abderhalden]]  || obstetrics  ||pregnancy   || ||serum reaction;obsolete
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Abelin reaction]]   ||  [[Isaak Abelin]]  ||infectious disease   ||[[syphilis]]   || ||presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Addis count]]   ||  [[Thomas Addis]]  ||nephrology   ||[[pyelonephritis]]   || ||quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Holmes-Adie syndrome|Adie pupil]]   ||  [[William John Adie]]  || neurology  || ciliary nerve damage  || || dilated pupil, poorly reactive but with normal near accommodation
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Adson's sign]]   ||  [[Alfred Washington Adson]]  ||vascular surgery   ||[[thoracic outlet syndrome]]   || ||obliteration of radial pulse with manoeuvres 
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Alexander's law]]  || [[Gustav Alexander]] ||neurology, neurosurgery, ENT   ||vestibular lesions   || ||describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Allen's test]]   ||  [[Edgar Van Nuys Allen]]  || vascular surgery, critical care<ref>if the palmar arch is not present,radial artery stick for blood gases is contraindicated</ref>  || arterial supply of the hand  || ||tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch)
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Apley grind test]]   ||  [[Alan Graham Apley]]  ||orthopaedic surgery   ||meniscal lesions   || ||manoeuvres to elicit knee pain
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Argyll Robertson pupil]]s   ||  [[Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson]]  || neurology  ||[[neurosyphilis]]   || ||light-near dissociation
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Arneth count]]   ||  [[Josef Arneth]]  ||haematology, nutrition   ||folate deficiency   || ||lobulation of neutrophil nuclei
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Aschheim-Zondek test]]   ||  [[Selmar Aschheim]], [[Bernhard Zondek]]  ||obstetrics   ||normal pregnancy   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1834}} ||oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Aschoff body]]   ||  [[Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff]]  ||rheumatology, pathology   ||[[rheumatic fever]]   || ||foci of interstitial inflammatiuon in the myocardium and elsewhere
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Ashby technique]]   ||  [[Winifred Ashby]]  ||haematology, pathology   ||haemolysis   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|233}} ||agglutination test for erythrocyte survival
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Auberger's blood group]]   ||  Auberger (patient)  ||haematology   ||normal physiology   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|283}}  ||Aua antigen
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Auenbrugger's sign]]   ||  [[Josef Leopold Auenbrugger]]  || cardiology  || [[pericardial effusion]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|284}}||bulging epigastrium
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Auer rods]]   ||  [[John Auer]]  || hematology  || [[acute myeloid leukemia]]  || ||cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Auspitz's sign]]   ||  [[Heinrich Auspitz]]  ||dermatology   ||[[psoriasis]]   || ||punctate bleeding when scales are scraped
 |- 
 | A ||  [[Austin Flint murmur]]   ||  [[Austin Flint]]  || cardiology  || [[aortic insufficiency]] || ||mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Babinski sign]]   ||  [[Joseph Babinski]]  || neurology  || abnormal [[plantar reflex]]  || {{cite journal |author=Kumar SP, Ramasubramanian D |title=The Babinski sign--a reappraisal |journal=Neurol India |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=314–8 |year=2000 |month=December |pmid=11146592 |doi= |url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar |accessdate=2009-04-13}} ||dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bainbridge reflex]]   ||  [[Francis Arthur Bainbridge]]  ||cardiology   ||normal physiology   || ||increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Polytene chromosome|Balbiani rings]]   ||  [[Edouard-Gérard Balbiani]]  ||genetics  ||RNA transcription   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|601}}  ||large chromosome puff indicating site of RNA transcription
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Ballance's sign]]   ||  [[Charles Alfred Ballance]]  ||general surgery   ||abdominal/splenic trauma   || ||percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive resonance right flank
 |- 
 | B || [[Bancroft's sign]] || || vascular medicine || [[deep vein thrombosis]] || || pain on anterior, but not lateral, compression of calf
 |-
 | B ||  [[Caloric reflex test|Bárány test]]   ||  [[Robert Bárány]]  ||ENT,neurology   ||vertigo, vestibular dysfunction   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|595}} ||nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Barlow maneuver|Barlow's maneuver]]   ||  [[Sir Thomas Barlow, 1st Baronet]]  ||paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery   ||[[Hip dysplasia (human)|hip dysplasia]]   ||  || dislocation on adduction of hip
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Hemoglobin Barts|Bart hemoglobin]]   ||  [[St Bartholomew's Hospital|Barts Hospital]]  || Obstetrics, pathology  ||indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns  ||  || Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin) 
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bastian-Bruns sign]]   ||  [[Henry Charlton Bastian]], [[Ludwig Bruns]]  ||neurology   ||spinal cord transection   || ||loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Battle's sign]]   ||  [[William Henry Battle]]  || neurosurgery/traumatology  || [[basal skull fracture]] || ||mastoid ecchymosis
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Beau's lines]]   ||  [[Joseph Honoré Simon Beau]]  ||dermatology, internal medicine   ||multiple, including trauma   || ||transverse ridges on nails
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Beck's triad]]   ||  [[Claude Beck|Claude Schaeffer Beck]]  || cardiology  || [[cardiac tamponade]]  || ||hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Becker's sign]]   ||  [[Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker]]  ||ophthalmology, endocrinology   ||[[thyrotoxicosis]]   || ||visible pulsation of retinal arteries
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Beevor's sign]]   ||  [[Charles Edward Beevor]]  ||neurology, neurosurgery   ||spinal trauma at T10, als,fsmd   || ||caudal movement of navel on cervical flexion
 |- 
 | B || [[Bekhterev-Jacobsohn reflex]] || [[Vladimir Bekhterev]], [[Louis Jacobsohn-Lask]] || neurology || [[pyramidal tract]] lesions  ||   ||stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion
 |-
 | B ||  [[Bekhterev-Mendel reflex]]   ||  [[Vladimir Bekhterev]], [[Kurt Mendel]]  ||neurology   ||[[pyramidal tract]] lesions   || ||toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bence Jones protein]]   ||  [[Henry Bence Jones]]  || hematology  || [[multiple myeloma]]  || ||
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Benedict's reagent|Benedict solution]]   ||  [[Stanley Rossiter Benedict]]  ||endocrinology   ||[[diabetes mellitus]]   || ||reagent for presence of monosaccharides
 |- 
 | B || [[Alpha wave|Berger wave (rhythm)]]   ||  [[Hans Berger]]  ||neurology   || normal physiology   || ||electroencephalographic alpha wave
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bezold-Jarisch reflex]]   ||  [[Albert von Bezold]], [[Adolf Jarisch]]  ||pharmacology, toxicology   ||effect of certain alkaloids   || ||apnea, bradycardia, hypotension
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bielschowsky's head tilt test]]   ||  [[Alfred Bielschowsky]]  ||neurology, ophthalmology   ||lesions of [[Trochlear nerve|cranial nerve IV]]   ||  ||test for palsy of [[superior oblique muscle]]
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bing's sign]]   ||  [[Paul Robert Bing]]  ||neurology  ||[[Upper motor neurone lesion|pyramidal tract lesions]]   || ||extension of the great toe on pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Biot's respiration]]   ||  [[Camille Biot]]  || neurology  ||brain stem herniation   || ||quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bitot's spots]]   ||  [[Pierre Bitôt]]  || ophthalmology || [[vitamin A]] deficiency  || ||spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Seidel sign|Bjerrum scotoma]]   ||  [[Jannik Peterson Bjerrum]]  ||ophthalmology   ||[[glaucoma]]   || ||comet shaped visual field defect,extending temporally from the physiological blind spot
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Blumberg sign]]   ||  [[Jacob Moritz Blumberg]]  ||surgery   ||peritonitis   || ||rebound tenderness
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Boas' point]]   ||  [[Ismar Isidor Boas]]  ||gastroenterology   ||gastric ulcer   || ||dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Boas' sign]]    ||  [[Ismar Isidor Boas]]  ||gastroenterology   ||acute cholecystitis   || ||dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula
 
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bodansky unit]]   ||  [[Aaron Bodansky]]  ||  clinical chemistry  ||   || ||unit of [[alkaline phosphatase]] concentration in blood
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Boston's sign]]   ||  [[Leonard N. Boston]]  ||ophthalmology, endocrinology   ||[[thyrotoxicosis]]   || ||spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bouchard's nodes]]   ||  [[Charles-Joseph Bouchard]]  || rheumatology  || [[osteoarthritis]]  || ||bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bracht-Wachter bodies]]   ||  [[Erich Franz Eugen Bracht]], [[Hermann Julius Gustav Wächter]]  ||cardiology   ||infective endocarditis ||    ||yellow-white spots in the myocardium
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Branham's sign]]   ||  [[Henry Branham]]  ||   ||   ||  ||pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Braxton Hicks|Braxton Hicks contraction]]   ||  [[John Braxton Hicks]]  || obstetrics  || normal pregnancy  || ||"false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Brewer infarcts]]   ||  [[George Emerson Brewer]]  ||nephrology, pathology   ||pyelonephritis   || ||dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts
 |- 
| B ||  [[Brissaud's reflex]]   ||  [[Édouard Brissaud]]  ||neurology   || [[pyramidal tract]] lesions  || ||plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae 
 |-  
| B ||  [[Broadbent inverted sign]]   ||  [[Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet]]  ||cardiology   ||L atrial hypertrophy   || ||systole palpable in posterior chest wall
 |- 
  | B ||  [[Broadbent sign]]   ||  [[Walter Broadbent]]  ||cardiology   ||adhesive pericarditis   || ||recession of L inferior intercostal spaces
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Expressive aphasia|Broca aphasia]]   ||  [[Paul Broca]]  || neurology, neuropsychology  ||developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas   || ||[[expressive aphasia]]
 |-
 | B  || [[Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test]] || [[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet]], [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] || general medicine, surgery || [[varicose veins]] || || superficial vein is percussed proximally; if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Trendelenburg Test|Brodie-Trendelenburg test]]   ||  [[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet]], [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]]  ||general medicine,surgery   ||[[varicose veins]]   || ||identifies level of valvular incompetence
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Brudziński neck sign]]   ||  [[Józef Brudziński]]  || neurology  || [[meningitis]]  || ||neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion
 |-
 | B ||  [[Brudziński cheek sign]]  ||  [[Józef Brudziński]]  || neurology  || [[meningitis]]  || ||pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm
 |-
 | B ||  [[Brudziński symphyseal sign]] || [[Józef Brudziński]] ||  neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction
 |-
 | B ||  [[Brudziński reflex]] ||[[Józef Brudziński]] || neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee
 |-     
 | B ||  [[Systolic heart murmur#Individual murmurs|Bruit de Roger]]   ||  [[Henri-Louis Roger]]  ||paediatric cardiology   ||ventricular septal defect   || ||loud pansystolic murmur  
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bruns ataxia]]   ||  [[Ludwig Bruns]]  ||neurology   ||frontal lobe lesions   || ||difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Bruns nystagmus]]   ||  [[Ludwig Bruns]]  ||neurology   ||cerebellopontine angle tumor, vestibular schwannoma   || ||nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude on lateral gaze
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Brushfield spots]]   ||  [[Thomas Brushfield]]  ||ophthalmology, genetics   ||Downs' syndrome or non-pathological   || ||greyish-white spots at periphery of iris
 |- 
 | B ||  [[Burton line]]   ||  [[Henry Burton (physician)|Henry Burton]]  || toxicology  || lead poisoning  ||NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06||Blue discolouration of the gingival border
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Cabot rings]]   ||  [[Richard Clarke Cabot|Richard Cabot]]  || hematology  || lead poisoning, anaemias  || ||threadlike strands in erythrocytes
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Caput medusae]]   ||  [[Medusa]]  ||gastroenterology, surgery   ||portal hypertension   || ||distended veins radiating from umbilicus
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Cardarelli's sign]]  || [[Antonio Cardarelli]]   ||cardiology, thoracic surgery   ||aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour   || ||left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Carey Coombs murmur]]   ||  [[Carey Coombs]]  ||cardiology,rheumatology   ||rheumatic fever   || ||mid-diastolic rumble
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Carnett's sign]]   ||  [[John Berton Carnett]]  ||primary care, surgery   ||abdominal mass and/or pain   || Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599 ||supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain - abdominal wall ;↓ pain - intraperitoneal
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Carvallo's sign]]   ||  [[José Manuel Rivero Carvallo]]  ||cardiology  ||[[tricuspid regurgitation]]   ||  ||increase in volume of murmur on inspiration
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Casal collar]]   ||  [[Gaspar Casal]]  ||nutrition   || [[pellagra]] (niacin deficiency)   ||[http://emedicine.com/derm/topic621,htm Casal collar] at [[Medscape]]||widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Casoni test]]   ||  [[Tomaso Casoni]]  ||infectious disease, tropical medicine   ||[[hydatid disease]]   ||  ||intradermal injection of hydatid fluid causing wheal 
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Inflammation|Celsus signs of inflammation]]   ||  [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]]  ||various   || inflammation  || ||1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain)
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Chaddock reflex]]   ||  [[Charles Gilbert Chaddock]]  ||neurology   ||pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions   || ||extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Chadwick's sign|Chadwick sign]]   ||  [[James Read Chadwick]]  || obstetrics  ||pregnancy   || ||cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Charcot's triad]]   ||  [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]  || surgery  || [[ascending cholangitis]]  || ||jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Charcot's triad]]   ||  [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]  || neurology || [[multiple sclerosis]] || || nystagmus, intention tremor ,staccato speech
 |-
 | C ||  [[Charcot-Leyden crystals]]   ||  [[Jean-Martin Charcot]], [[Ernst Viktor von Leyden]]  ||pathology   ||any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. [[ascariasis]]  || ||lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Cheyne-Stokes respiration]]   ||  [[John Cheyne (physician)|John Cheyne]], [[William Stokes (physician)|William Stokes]]  || palliative care  || [[respiratory center]] damage  || || fluctuation between [[apnoea]] and [[tachypnoea]]
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Churchill-Cope reflex]]   ||  [[Edward Delos Churchill]], [[Oliver Cope]]  || [[cardiology]]  || [[heart failure]]  || || distension of pulmonary vascular bed causes [[tachypnoea]]
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Chvostek's sign]]   ||  [[František Chvostek]]  || endocrinology  || [[hypocalcemia]]  || ||tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Claybrook sign]]   ||  [[Edwin Claybrook]]  ||emergency medicine, surgery   ||blunt abdominal trauma   || ||heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Clutton's joints]]   ||  [[Henry Hugh Clutton]]  ||paediatrics   ||[[congenital syphilis]]   ||  ||painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Codman's triangle]]   ||  [[Ernest Codman]]  ||oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology   ||osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma   || ||triangular subperiosteal growth
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Comby sign]]   ||  [[Jules Comby]]  ||paediatrics   ||rubeola   || ||whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Coombs test]]   ||  [[Robin Coombs]]  || hematology || [[hemolytic anemia]]  || ||
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Immunofluorescence|Coons fluorescent antibody method]]   ||  [[Albert Coons]] || [[immunology]]  ||   || [http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=acoons.html Albert Coons] at National Academies Press ||detection of antibodies by [[fluorescence microscopy]] using [[fluorescein]]-labelled [[antibodies]]
 |- 
 | C || [[Cornell's sign]] || ? || [[neurology]] || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. || scratching alongside big toe extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response
 |-
 | C ||  [[Corrigan pulse]]   ||  [[Dominic Corrigan|Dominic John Corrigan]]  || cardiology  || [[aortic insufficiency]]  || ||carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Councilman body]]   ||  [[William Thomas Councilman]]  ||infectious disease   ||yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers   || ||eosinophilic globules in liver
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Courvoisier's law]]   ||  [[Ludwig Georg Courvoisier]]  || gastroenterology  ||  obstructive jaundice  || ||palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Crichton-Browne sign]]   ||  [[James Crichton-Browne|Sir James Crichton-Browne]]  ||neuropsychiatry   ||'general paresis'   || (needed)||tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus
 |- 
 | C || [[Crowe sign]] ||  [[Frank W. Crowe]]  || [[dermatology]] || [[neurofibromatosis]] type I || || axillary freckling 
 |-                        
 | C ||  [[Cruveilhier-Baumgarten bruit]]   ||  [[Jean Cruveilhier]], [[Paul Clemens von Baumgarten]]  || [[hepatology]]  || [[Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease]]  || || [[bruit]] around the [[umbilicus]]
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Cullen's sign]]   ||  [[Thomas S. Cullen]]  || surgery  || intraabdominal haemorrhage  || ||ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Curschmann spirals]]   ||  [[Heinrich Curschmann]]  || [[pulmonology]]  || [[asthma]]  || || spiral mucus plugs found in sputum
 |- 
 | C ||  [[Cushing's triad]]   ||  [[Harvey Cushing]]  || neurology  || raised [[intracranial pressure]]  || ||elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dagher Maneuver]]   ||  [[Nabil Dagher]] || trauma surgery  ||penetrating pelvic trauma|| || bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum 
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dahl's sign]]   || K.V. Dahl  ||[[pulmonology]]   ||[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]]   ||  ||pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dalrymple sign]]   || [[John Dalrymple (physician)|John Dalrymple]]  ||ophthalmology, endocrinology   ||thyrotoxicosis   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|494}}||widened palpebral opening
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dance's sign]]   || [[Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance]]  ||(paediatric)surgery   ||ileo-cecal [[intussusception]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3355}}||empty RLQ (retracted right iliac fossa)
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Darier's sign]]   || [[Ferdinand-Jean Darier]]  ||allergy,dermatology   ||urticaria pigmentosa   || ||[[dermatographia]]
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dawson's fingers]]  || [[James Walker Dawson]]  ||neurology   ||multiple sclerosis   || [http://www.ms-info.net/evo/msmanu/984.3F74149980602] [http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-845.htm]||characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy
 |- 
 | D ||  [[De Musset's sign]]  || [[Alfred de Musset]]  || cardiology  || [[aortic insufficiency]]  || ||head nodding in time with heartbeat
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dennie-Morgan fold]]  || [[Charles Clayton Dennie]]<br />DB Morgan  ||dermatology   || [[atopic dermatitis]]   || [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Dennie's+line Dennie's line] at [[TheFreeDictionary.com]]|| accentuated fold below the lower eyelid
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Destot's sign]]   || ?  ||orthopaedic surgery   ||pelvic fracture   || [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/inspection_of_patients_w_pelvic_frx]||ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dix-Hallpike test]]   || [[Margaret R. Dix]], [[Charles Skinner Hallpike]]  || [[Otolaryngology]]   || [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3615}}||Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Döhle bodies]]   || [[Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle]]  ||pathology   ||various including trauma and neoplasm   || ||basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Doi's sign]]   || Hitoka Doi || [[neurology]]  || [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]]  || || reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short period of maximal muscle contraction
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Dunphy sign]]   || ?  ||surgery   ||appendicitis   || [http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html]||increase in abdominal pain on coughing
 |- 
 | D ||  [[Duroziez's sign]]  || [[Paul Louis Duroziez]]  || cardiology  || [[aortic insufficiency]]  || ||double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign)
 |- 
 | E ||  [[Elschnig spots]]   ||  [[Anton Elschnig]]  || ophthalmology || hypertensive retinopathy  || ||
 |- 
 | E ||  [[Epstein's pearls]]  || [[Alois Epstein]]  ||paediatrics   ||normal newborn   || ||cystic papules on palate
 |- 
 | E ||  [[Ewart's sign]]  || [[William Ewart (physician)|William Ewart]] ||cardiology   || [[pericardial effusion]]  || ||percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Finkelstein's test]]  || Harry Finkelstein  || rheumatology  || [[DeQuervain's tenosynovitis]] || ||
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Forchheimer spots]]  || [[Frederick Forchheimer]]  || [[paediatrics]]  || [[rubella]]  ||  ||small red spots on the soft palate
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Fothergill's sign]]  || [[John Fothergill (physician)|John Fothergill]]  || surgery  || [[rectus sheath hematoma]]  || ||anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Fox's sign]]  || [[George Henry Fox]]  ||gastroenterology   ||haemorrhagic pancreatitis   ||  ||ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Frank's sign]]  || [[Sanders T. Frank]] || [[cardiology]] || [[ischaemic heart disease]] ||  ||ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed)
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Friedreich's sign]]  || [[Nikolaus Friedreich]]  ||cardiology   ||constrictive pericarditis,  tricuspid insufficiency   || ||collapse of distended neck veins in diastole
 |- 
 | F ||  [[Froment's sign]]  || [[Jules Froment]]  || neurology  || ulnar nerve palsy  || ||patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed
 |-
 |-G ||  [[Gaenslen's test]]
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gallavardin phenomenon]]  || [[Louis Gallavardin]]  ||cardiology   ||aortic stenosis   ||  ||dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur
 |-
 | G || [[Gamna-Favre bodies]] || [[Carlos Gamna]],<br />[[Maurice Favre]] || histology || [[lymphogranuloma venereum]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3203|Gamna-Favre bodies}} || basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gandy-Gamna nodules]]  || [[Charles Gandy]],<br />[[Carlos Gamna]] || histology || [[splenomegaly]] due to [[portal hypertension]] and [[sickle cell disease]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3205|Gandy-Gamna bodies}} || small yellow-brown foci in the spleen
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gerhardt's sign]]  || [[Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt]]  ||   ||   ||{{WhoNamedIt|synd|112|Gerhardt's sign}}<br />http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign||controversial: see references
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Goetz sign]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gonda's sign]]  || ?  || [[neurology]]   || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. ||flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Goodell's sign]]  || [[William Goodell (gynecologist)|William Goodell]] || obstetrics  || pregnancy  || ||softening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Goodsall's rule]]  || [[David Henry Goodsall]] ||gastroenterology, general surgery   ||[[anal fistula]]   || ||anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gordon's sign]]  || [[Alfred Gordon]] || [[neurology]]  || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions  || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. || squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gottron's papules]]  || [[Heinrich Adolf Gottron]]  || rheumatology  || [[dermatomyositis]]  || ||roseate discolouration over knuckles
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Gowers' sign]] <ref>also called Gowers' manoeuvre</ref> ||  [[William Richard Gowers]]  || neurology  || [[muscular dystrophy]] || ||
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Graham Steell murmur]]  || [[Graham Steell]]  || [[cardiology]]  || [[mitral stenosis]]   || || [[pulmonary regurgitation]] murmur in patients with [[pulmonary hypertension]] secondary to mitral stenosis
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Grey-Turner's sign|Grey Turner's sign]]  || [[George Grey Turner]]  || surgery  || retroperitoneal hemorrhage || ||flank ecchymosis
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Griffith's sign]]  || ?  || [[endocrinology]]  || [[Graves' ophthalmopathy]]  || ||lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement
 |- 
 | G ||  [[Grotton's lesions]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | G ||  [[AV nicking|Gunn's sign]]  || [[Robert Marcus Gunn]]  ||[[ophthalmology]]   ||[[hypertension]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3234|Gunn's sign}} ||AV "nicking" or "nipping" in [[hypertensive retinopathy]]
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hamman's sign]]  ||[[Louis Hamman]]  ||thoracic surgery   || oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum    || ||crepitus in sync  w/ heartbeat but not respiration
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hampton's hump]]  || [[Aubrey Otis Hampton]]  ||pulmonology, radiology   ||pulmonary embolus with infarct   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3136|Hampton's hump}} ||wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura
 |-
 | H || [[Hampton's line]] || [[Aubrey Otis Hampton]] ||radiology, gastroenterology || [[peptic ulcer]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3137|Hampton's line}} || line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hannington-Kiff sign]]  || John G. Hannington-Kiff  || [[general surgery]]   ||[[obturator hernia]]   ||  ||absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Harrison's groove]]  || [[Edward Harrison (physician)|Edward Harrison]]  ||[[internal medicine]]   ||[[rickets]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2437|Harrison's sulcus}} ||rib deformity at the lower thorax
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hatchcock's sign]]  || ?  ||paediatrics, infectious disease   ||mumps   || (needed)||tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident)
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Heberden's node]]  || [[William Heberden]]  || rheumatology || [[osteoarthritis]]  || ||same as [[bouchard's nodes]], but over dip joints
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hegar's sign]]  || [[Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar]] ||obstetrics   ||normal pregnancy   || ||softening of cervical isthmus appearin between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hess test]]  || [[Alfred Fabian Hess]] || [[internal medicine]]  || capillary fragility  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2622|Rumpel-Konchalevskii-Leede phenomenon or sign}} ||appearance of [[petechiae]] after compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hippocratic face]]  || [[Hippocrates]]  || palliative care  || impending death  || ||
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hippocratic fingers]]  || [[Hippocrates]]  || pulmonary medicine  || chronic hypoxia  || ||clubbing of distal phalanges
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hirschberg test]]   ||  [[Julius Hirschberg]]   ||ophthalmology   || [[strabismus]] || ||corneal  reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hoffmann's sign]]  ||[[Johann Hoffmann]]  || neurology  ||corticospinal tract lesions   || ||tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hollenhorst plaque]]  || [[Robert Hollenhorst]]  || [[ophthalmology]]  || hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes  || ||cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies)
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Homans sign|Homans' sign]]  || [[John Homans]]  ||[[thrombosis]]   || [[deep venous thrombosis]]  || ||knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain 
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hoover's sign (leg paresis)]]  || [[Charles Franklin Hoover]] ||neurology, psychiatry  ||lower extremity paresis   || ||differentiates organic from non-organic etiology
 |- 
 | H || [[Hoover's sign (pulmonary)]] || [[Charles Franklin Hoover]] || [[pulmonology]] || [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]] ||  || inward movement of lower ribs during inspiration
 |-
 | H ||  [[Howship-Romberg sign]]  || [[John Howship]],<br />[[Moritz Heinrich Romberg]]  || [[surgery]]  || [[obturator hernia]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1579|Howship's syndrome}} ||pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Lentigo maligna|Hutchinson's freckle]]  || [[Jonathan Hutchinson|Sir Jonathan Hutchinson]] ||[[dermatology]]  ||[[melanoma]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1439|Hutchinson's freckle}}||precancerous facial pigmentation
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hutchinson's pupil]]  || [[Jonathan Hutchinson|Sir Jonathan Hutchinson]]  || [[neurology]] || [[oculomotor nerve]] lesion  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|841|Hutchinson's pupil}} ||dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to IIIrd nerve compression
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hutchinson's sign]]  || [[Jonathan Hutchinson|Sir Jonathan Hutchinson]] || [[ophthalmology]] || [[herpes zoster]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|4126|Hutchinson's sign 2}} ||lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hutchinson's teeth]] <ref>also called Hutchinson's incisors</ref>  || [[Jonathan Hutchinson|Sir Jonathan Hutchinson]]  || [[pediatrics]] || [[congenital syphilis]]  || ||small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces
 |- 
 | H ||  [[Hutchinson's triad]] || [[Jonathan Hutchinson|Sir Jonathan Hutchinson]] || [[pediatrics]] || [[congenital syphilis]] || ||interstitial keratitis,nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth
 |- 
 | J ||  [[Janeway lesion]]   ||  [[Theodore Caldwell Janeway]]  || cardiology  || [[infective endocarditis]]  || ||palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules
 |- 
 | J ||  [[Jendrassik maneuver]]  || [[Ernő Jendrassik]]  || neurology  || hyporeflexia  || ||compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction
 |- 
 | J ||  [[Joffroy's sign]]  || [[Alexis Joffroy]] || [[endocrinology]] || [[exophthalmos]] in [[Graves disease]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1544|Joffroy's sign I}} ||lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed
 |- 
 | J ||  [[John Thomas sign]] <ref>also called Throckmorton sign</ref>  || N/A  ||radiology   ||various, including Reiter's syndrome   || (needed)||penile shadow points at affected hip (+) or unaffected hip (-) (2)
 |- 
 | J ||  [[Jolly's test]]  || [[Friedrich Jolly]] || [[neurology]]   || [[myasthenia gravis]] or [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]]   ||  || [[electromyography]] test using repeated stimuli to show fatiguability in myasthenia
 |- 
 | J ||  [[Rheumatic fever#Diagnosis: modified Jones criteria|Jones criteria]]  || T. Duckett Jones  || [[rheumatology]]  || [[rheumatic fever]]  ||  ||criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kanavel's sign]]  || [[Allen B. Kanavel]] || orthopedics, rheumatology  ||tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon || http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM  || (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit. 
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kayser-Fleischer ring]]  || [[Bernhard Kayser]],<br />[[Bruno Fleischer]]  || neurology,gastroenterology  || [[Wilson's disease]](hepatolenticular degeneration)  || ||ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kehr's sign]]  ||  [[Hans Kehr]]  ||trauma surgery   || [[ruptured spleen]]  || ||referred pain to L shoulder
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kelly's sign]]  ||[[Howard Atwood Kelly]]   ||surgery   ||   || (needed)||visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same)
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kerley lines]]  || [[Peter Kerley]] || radiology || [[pulmonary edema]]  || ||
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kernig's sign]]   || [[Woldemar Kernig]]  || neurology || [[meningism]], [[meningitis]], [[subarachnoid haemorrhage]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2200}}||hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Koebner phenomenon|Koebner's phenomenon]]  || [[Heinrich Koebner]]  || dermatology  || various conditions  || ||
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Koeppe's nodules]]  ||  [[Leonhard Koeppe]]  || ophthalmology  || [[uveitis]]  || ||granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Koplik's spots]]   ||  [[Henry Koplik]]  || pediatrics || [[measles]]  || ||
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Korotkoff sounds]]   ||  [[Nikolai Korotkov]]  || cardiology  ||auscultatory [[sphygmomanometry]] || ||Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound,and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible,corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however,see:[[Auscultatory gap]])
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kussmaul breathing]]<ref>or Kussmaul respiration</ref>  || [[Adolph Kussmaul]]  || endocrinology  || [[metabolic acidosis]]  || ||laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced  frequency
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kussmaul's sign]]  ||  [[Adolph Kussmaul]]  || [[cardiology]]  ||various, including right side failure  || ||increased jugular distension on inspiration
 |- 
 | K ||  [[Kveim test]]  || [[Morten Ansgar Kveim]] || pulmonary medicine  || [[sarcoidosis]] || ||intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lachman maneuver]]  || John Lachman  || orthopedic surgery  || [[anterior cruciate ligament]] injury  || ||modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Ladin's sign]]  || ?  || obstetrics  ||normal pregnancy   || ||softening of uterus; similar to [[Hegar's sign]]
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lancisi's sign]]  || [[Giovanni Maria Lancisi]]  || [[cardiology]]  || [[tricuspid regurgitation]]  || ||giant v-wave in seen in jugular vein
 |- 
 | L || [[Larrey's sign]] || [[Dominique Larrey]] || [[rheumatology]] || [[sacroiliitis]] ||  ||pain in [[sacroiliac]] area on sitting down on hard chair
 |-
 | L ||  [[Lasègue's sign]]  || [[Charles Lasègue]] || neurosurgery, orthpaedic surgery  ||lumbar disc lesions, sciatica || ||better known as straight leg raise test
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Leopold's maneuver]]   || [[Christian Gerhard Leopold]]  || obstetrics  ||   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3225|Leopold's maneuver}}||determination of fetal lie
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Leser-Trélat sign]]  || [[Edmund Leser]],<br />[[Ulysse Trélat]] || [[oncology]] ||[[Cancer|malignant neoplasm]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3211|Leser-Trélat sign}} ||sudden onset of multiple [[Itch|pruritic]] [[Seborrheic keratosis|seborrheic keratoses]]
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Levine's sign]]  || [[Samuel A. Levine]]  || [[cardiology]]  ||[[myocardial infarction]]   || ||patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lhermitte's sign]]   ||  [[Jean Lhermitte]]  || neurology  || lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, [[Behçet's disease]]  || ||electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lisch nodule]]  || [[Karl Lisch]]  ||ophthalmology   ||type I neurofibromatosis   || ||yellow brown hamartomata on iris
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lisker's sign]]  || ?  ||internal medicine   || [[deep venous thrombosis]]  || ||tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Litten's sign]]   || [[Moritz Litten]] || cardiology  || [[infective endocarditis]]  || [http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic671.htm eMedicine]||cotton-wool exudate in the retina
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lombard effect]]  || [[Étienne Lombard]] ||psychiatry   ||malingering due to simulated deafness  ||  || automatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Louvel's sign]]  || ?  ||internal medicine   ||deep venous thrombosis   || (needed)||increased pain along vein with valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this
 |- 
 | L ||  [[Lowenberg's sign]]   || ?  || vascular medicine || [[deep vein thrombosis]]  || || immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf
 |-
 | M ||  [[MacDonald triad]] ||John M. MacDonald || psychiatry || [[sociopathic personality disorder]] ||  || eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Macewen's sign]]  ||Sir [[William Macewen]]  ||neurology, neurosurgery   ||hydrocephalus, brain abscess   || ||resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Magnan's sign]]  || [[Valentin Magnan]]  || [[addiction medicine]]  || [[cocaine dependence]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|762|Magnan's sign}} ||feeling of moving foreign body under the skin 
 |-
 | M ||  [[Mantoux test]] || [[Charles Mantoux]] || infectious disease || [[tuberculosis]] ||  ||intradermal protein derivative - diameter of wheal evaluated
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Marcus Gunn pupil]]  || [[Robert Marcus Gunn]] ||ophthalmology, neurology  ||severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm   ||{{WhoNamedIt|synd|3233|Gunn's pupillary phenomenon}} ||Relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Marie's sign]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Markle sign]]  || ?  ||[[surgery]]   ||[[appendicitis]]   || ||RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Mayne's sign]]  || ?  ||[[cardiology]]  ||[[aortic insufficiency]]   || ||systolic blood pressure drop of >15mmHg on raising arm
 |- 
 | M ||  [[McBurney's point]]  ||[[Charles McBurney (surgeon)|Charles McBurney]]  ||  surgery || [[appendicitis]]  || ||2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)
 |- 
 | M ||  [[pulmonary embolism#Echocardiography findings|McConnell's sign]]  || M.V. McConnell  ||[[cardiology]]   || [[pulmonary embolism]]  || ||[[echocardiography]] finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex
 |- 
 | M ||  [[McDonald's sign]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | M ||  [[McMurray test]]  || [[Thomas Porter McMurray]]  ||orthopaedics   ||meniscal tear   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3559|McMurray's sign}} ||knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Means-Lerman scratch]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Mees' lines]]  || R.A. Mees || [[toxicology]] || [[arsenic]] or heavy metal poisoning || ||transverse white lines across the nails
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Mentzer index]]  || ?  || hematology || [[microcytic anemia]]  || ||differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Miller-Fisher test]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Moniz sign]]  || [[António Egas Moniz]]  || [[neurology]] || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. ||forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Möbius sign]]  || [[Paul Julius Möbius]]  || [[endocrinology]]  || [[thyrotoxicosis]]  || [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/M%C3%B6bius%27+sign Möbius sign] at [[TheFreeDictionary.com]] ||inability to maintain convergence of eyes
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Muehrcke's lines]]  || [[Robert C. Muehrcke]] || [[nephrology]], [[oncology]] || [[hypoalbuminaemia]], [[chemotherapy]]  || || paired transverse white lines on nail bed
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Mulder's sign]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Müller's maneuver]]  || [[Johannes Peter Müller]]  || [[pulmonology]] || collapsed section of [[airway]] || || patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of [[Valsalva maneuver]])
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Müller's sign]]  || [[Friedrich von Müller]] || [[cardiology]]   ||[[aortic insufficiency]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2553|Müller's sign}} ||visible pulsation or bobbing of [[uvula]]
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Murphy's punch sign]]  ||[[John B. Murphy]]  || [[urology]]  || perinephric abscess  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2209|Murphy's punch}} ||punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Murphy's sign]]  ||[[John B. Murphy]]  || [[surgery]] || [[cholecystitis]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2210|Murphy's sign}} ||hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated
 |- 
 | M ||  [[Myerson's sign]]  || [[Abraham Myerson]] || neurology  || [[Parkinson's disease]]  || ||inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed
 |- 
 | N ||  [[Naegele's rule]]  || [[Franz Karl Naegele]] || [[gynecology]]  || [[gestation]]  || || method of estimating [[due date]]
 |- 
 | N ||  [[Nardi test]]  || [[George Nardi]]  || [[gastroenterology]]  ||dysfunction of [[sphincter of Oddi]]   || ||administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use
 |- 
 | N ||  [[Nikolsky's sign]]  || [[Pyotr Nikolsky]] || [[dermatology]]  ||various, including [[pemphigus vulgaris]]   || ||mild shear stress applied to skin causes bullae to form
 |- 
 | O ||  [[O'Brien's test]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)||
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Unhappy triad|O'Donoghue's triad]]  ||D. O'Donoghue  ||orthopaedics, sports medicine   || knee injury  || ||coincidence of anterior cruciate injury,medial collateral injury and meniscal tear
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Oliver's sign]]  ||[[William Silver Oliver]]  ||[[cardiology]]   ||aortic arch aneurysm   || ||caudal movement of trachea with systole
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Oppenheim's sign]]  || [[Hermann Oppenheim]]  ||[[neurology]]   ||[[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1573|Oppenheim's reflex}}||irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Ortolani test]]  || [[Marino Ortolani]]  || [[pediatrics]] & [[orthopedics]]  ||  [[Dislocation of hip|congenital hip dislocation]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3371|Ortolani's sign and test}} ||palpable clunk on moving hip
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Osborn wave]]  ||J.J. Osborn  ||[[cardiology]], [[emergency medicine]]   ||[[hypothermia]]   ||||positive deflection at QRS-ST junction
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Osler's node]]  || [[William Osler|Sir William Osler]]  ||[[internal medicine]]   ||various, including SBE and SLE   || ||painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces
 |- 
 | O ||  [[Osler's sign]]  || [[William Osler|Sir William Osler]] ||[[internal medicine]]   ||[[atherosclerosis]]   || ||falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Palla's sign]]  || ?  ||[[internal medicine]]   ||[[pulmonary embolism]]   || [http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/sec05/ch050/ch050a.html Pulmonary embolism] at [[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy|Merck Manual online]]||enlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Pastia's sign]]  || [[Constantin Chessec Pastia]] ||[[pediatrics]]   ||[[scarlet fever]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3301|Pastia's sign}} ||lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with [[Scarlatiniform rash]] and [[strep pyogenes]])
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Patrick's test]]  || [[Hugh Talbot Patrick]] || [[rheumatology]]  || [[sacroiliitis]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1045|Patrick's test}} ||external rotation of the hip causes pain
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Pemberton's sign]]  || [[Hugh Pemberton]]  ||thoracic surgery   ||retrosternal mass with [[superior vena cava syndrome]]   || ||arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Phalen's maneuver]]  || [[George S. Phalen]]  || [[rheumatology]], hand surgery   ||[[carpal tunnel syndrome]]   || ||30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Piskacek's sign|Piskaçek's sign]]  || [[Ludwig Piskaçek]]  ||[[obstetrics]]   ||normal pregnancy   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2780|Piskaçek's sign}} ||palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7–8 weeks
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Plummer's nail]] || [[Henry Stanley Plummer]] || [[endocrinology]] || [[thyrotoxicosis]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1095|Plummer's nail}} ||[[onycholysis]] especially of ring and little fingers
 |- 
 | P ||  [[Pratt's sign]]  || ?  || [[internal medicine]]   ||[[deep venous thrombosis]]   || (needed)|| pain elicited by compression of posterior calf
 |- 
 | Q ||  [[Queckenstedt's maneuver]] || [[Hans Heinrich Georg Queckenstedt]] || [[neurology]]  || [[spinal stenosis]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3302|Queckenstedt's phenomenon}} ||bilateral jugular vein pressure during [[lumbar puncture]] causes sudden rise in CSF pressure
 |- 
 | Q ||  [[Quincke's sign]]  || [[Heinrich Quincke|Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke]] || [[cardiology]] || [[aortic insufficiency]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|478|Quincke's capillary pulse}} ||visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Reynolds' pentad]]  || B.M. Reynolds || [[gastroenterology]] || [[ascending cholangitis]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2895|Reynold's pentad}} ||Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Riesman's sign]]  || [[David Riesman (physician)|David Riesman]] || [[endocrinology]] || [[thyrotoxicosis]]  || ||[[bruit]] over globe of the eye
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Rigler's sign]]<ref>also called the double wall sign</ref>  || [[Leo George Rigler]]  ||[[radiology]], abdominal [[surgery]]   ||[[pneumoperitoneum]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3666|Rigler's sign}} ||gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Rinne test]]  || [[Heinrich Adolf Rinne]] ||ENT, neurology, audiometry   ||[[hearing impairment]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2447|Rinne's test}} ||comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Romana's sign|Romaña's sign]]  || [[Cecilio Romaña]]  ||[[tropical medicine]] || [[Chagas' disease]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3325|Romaña's sign}} ||painless unilateral periorbital swelling
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Romberg test]]  || [[Moritz Heinrich Romberg]] || [[neurology]] ||dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, [[Drunkenness|alcohol intoxication]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|926|Romberg's sign}} ||inability to maintain posture with eyes closed
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Rosenbach's test]]  || [[Ottomar Rosenbach]] || clinical chemistry  || [[bilirubinuria]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|40|Rosenbach's test}} ||colour produced on addition of [[nitric acid]]
 |-
 | R || [[Rossolimo's sign]] || [[Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo]] || [[neurology]] || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. || percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Roth's spots]]  || [[Moritz Roth]] || [[ophthalmology]], [[internal medicine]]   ||various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2684|Roth's spot}} ||retinal haemorrhages with pale centres seen at fundoscopy
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Rovsing's sign]]  || [[Niels Thorkild Rovsing]] ||[[Surgery|general surgery]] || [[appendicitis]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3126|Rovsing's sign}} ||palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Rumpel-Leede sign]]  || [[Theodor Rumpel]],<br/>[[Carl Stockbridge Leede]] || [[haematology]]  || capillary fragility || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2623|Rumpel-Leede test}} || [[petechiae]] seen after compression by tourniquet
 |- 
 | R ||  [[Russell's sign]]  || [[Gerald Russell]] || [[psychiatry]] || [[bulimia nervosa]] || ||scarring of the dorsum of one hand (contact with incisors when purging)
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Salus's sign]]  || [[Robert Salus]] || [[ophthalmology]]  || [[hypertension]]  || [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1201779-overview Hypertension] at [[Medscape]] ||deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Schaeffer's sign]]  || Max Schaeffer || [[neurology]]  || [[corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2546|Schäffer's reflex}} ||squeezing the [[Achilles tendon]] elicits an extensor plantar response
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Nail clubbing|Schamroth's window test]]  || [[Leo Schamroth]]   ||[[pulmonology]], [[cardiology]] ||chronic [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]]   || ||identifies clubbing of distal phalanges
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Schiller's Test]]  || Walter Schiller  || [[gynecology]] || [[cervical cancer]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2425|Schiller's test}} ||affected areas of cervix fail to stain brown with iodine solution
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Schilling test]]  || [[Robert F. Schilling]] || [[internal medicine]]   ||pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders   || ||B12 radioassay; rare
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Schirmer's test]]  || [[Otto Schirmer]] ||[[ophthalmology]]   ||[[keratoconjunctivitis sicca]], as in [[Sjögren's syndrome]] || ||quantifies lacrimal secretion
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Schober's test|Schober test]]  || [[Paul Schober]] ||physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics  ||various disorders of lumbar vertebrae   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|4037|Schober's sign}} ||quantifies lumbar flexion
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Shone's syndrome|Shone's complex]]  || John D. Shone || [[cardiology]] || [[congenital heart defect]]  || (needed)||supravalvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Siegrist streaks]]  || [[August Siegrist]] || [[ophthalmology]] ||malignant hypertension   || ||hyperpigmented sreaks parallel to choroidal vessels
 |- 
 | S || [[Simmonds' test]] || [[Franklin Adin Simmonds]] || [[orthopaedics]] || [[Achilles tendon rupture]] || || squeezing of calf fails to produce plantar flexion 
 |-
 | S ||  [[Postcoital test|Sims-Huhner test]]  || Harry M. Sims, Max Huhner || [[reproductive medicine]]  || [[infertility]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2254|Sims-Huhner test}} ||determination of [[Semen analysis|sperm count and motility]] in a sample taken from the [[Canal of the cervix|cervical canal]] within an hour of [[Sexual intercourse|intercourse]]
 |-
 | S || [[Sister Mary Joseph nodule]]<ref>also Sister Mary Joseph sign</ref>  || [[Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey]] (born Julia Dempsey)  || [[oncology]]  || various abdominal malignancies  || ||palpable lymph node in the umbilicus
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Spurling's test]]  || [[Roy Glenwood Spurling]] || [[neurology]]  || [[Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2835|Spurling's manoeuvre and sign}} ||axial compression and rotation of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Stellwag's sign]]  || [[Karl Stellwag von Carion]]  || [[endocrinology]]   ||[[thyrotoxicosis]]   || ||infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by [[Dalrymple's sign]]
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Benign paediatric heart murmur|Still's murmur]]  || [[George Frederic Still|Sir George Frederick Still]] || paediatric cardiology  ||subaortic stenosis, small [[VSD]]   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1772|Still's mmurmur}} ||systolic ejection sound ; vibratory/musical; best heard at left lower sternal border
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Stransky's sign]]  || ?  || [[neurology]]  || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions  || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. ||sudden abduction and release of little toe causes extensor plantar response
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Stroop effect|Stroop test]]  || [[John Ridley Stroop]]  ||neuropsychology   ||various, including ADHD and schizophrenia   || ||reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue)
 |- 
 | S ||  [[Strümpell's sign]]  ||[[Adolph Strümpell]]  ||neurology   ||spastic pareses of the lower extremity   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1749|Strümpell's sign I}} ||failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Terry's nails]]  || R. Terry  || [[internal medicine]] ||various including [[hepatic failure]]  || ||white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Terry-Thomas#Radiology|Terry-Thomas sign]]  ||  [[Terry-Thomas]]  ||Orthopaedics  ||[[Scapholunate ligament#Clinical significance|Scapho-lunate dissociation]]  ||[http://www.gentili.net/signs/23.htm Atlas of Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology]  || Gap between the scaphoid and lunate bones on AP wrist radiograph
 |-
 | T || [[Thomas test]] || [[Hugh Owen Thomas]] ||Orthopaedics || Fixed flexion deformity of [[hip]] || || Supine patient flexes one hip whilst keeping other leg flat; back arches if flexion deformity is present
 |-
 | T || [[Throckmorton's reflex]] || [[Tom Bentley Throckmorton]] || [[neurology]] || [[Corticospinal tract|pyramidal tract]] lesions || [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=4;spage=314;epage=8;aulast=Kumar The Babinski sign - a reappraisal] ''Neurol India'' '''48''' (4): 314–8. || pressure over dorsal bog toe MTP joint elicits an extensor plantar response
 |-
 | T ||  [[Tinel's sign]]  || [[Jules Tinel]] || [[neurology]] ||neuritis, compression disorders   || ||'DTP' - distal tingling on percussion
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Todd's paresis]]  || [[Robert Bentley Todd]]  || [[neurology]] || [[Epilepsy|seizure disorders]]  || ||focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Traube's sign]]  ||[[Ludwig Traube]]  ||various   || [[splenomegaly]] || ||dull percussion sound over [[Traube's space]]
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Trendelenburg's sign]]  || [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] || [[neurology]]  ||superior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip adductors weakness   || ||pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg'
 |- 
 | T ||  [[Trousseau's sign of malignancy]]  || [[Armand Trousseau]] || [[internal medicine]] ||various malignancies, including pancreatic   || ||spontaneous thrombosis  of multiple veins, including portal circulation
 |-
 | T ||  [[Trousseau's sign of latent tetany]] || [[Armand Trousseau]] || [[internal medicine]], [[endocrinology]] || [[hypocalcaemia]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2940|Trendelenburg's phenomenon}} || in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm 
 |- 
 | U ||  [[Uhthoff's phenomenon]]  ||[[Wilhelm Uhthoff]]  || [[neurology]]  || [[multiple sclerosis]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3309|Uhthoff's symptom}} ||↑ in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature
 |- 
 | U ||  [[Unterberger test]]  ||Siegfried Unterberger  || neurology, ENT  ||vestibular lesions   || ||patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side
 |- 
 | V ||  [[Virchow's triad]]  || [[Rudolf Virchow]]  || [[hematology]]  || etiology of [[thrombosis]]  || || Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction
 |- 
 | V ||  [[Von Braun-Fernwald's sign]]  || [[Carl Braun (obstetrician)|Karl von Braun-Fernwald]]  || [[obstetrics]]   || [[Human pregnancy|pregnancy]]  || ||softening of the uterine fundus at the site of implantation at 4–5 weeks gestation
 |- 
 | V ||  [[Von Graefe sign]]  || [[Albrecht von Graefe]]  ||[[endocrinology]]   || [[Graves' disease]]  || ||' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Wada test]]  || [[Juhn Atsushi Wada]]  || [[neurology]]  ||epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum   || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3813|Wada's test}} ||short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid; lateralizes language function
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Waddell's signs]]  || G. Waddell  ||primary care, psychiatry ||chronic pain   || ||identify non-organic sources of low back pain
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Waddell's triad]]  || J.P. Waddell  || paediatric trauma || child pedestrian stuck by motor vehicle  || ||Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral fracture
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Watson's water hammer pulse]]  || Thomas Watson || [[cardiology]] || [[aortic regurgitation]] ||J. Suvarna [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-34539222_ITM Watson's water hammer pulse] ''Journal of Postgraduate Medicine'' 2008-04-01 ||bounding forceful pulse elicited with postural manoeuvres
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Whipple's triad]]  || [[Allen Whipple]]  || [[endocrinology]]    || [[hypoglycemia]]  || ||1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Wickham's striae]]  || [[Louis Frédéric Wickham]] || [[dermatology]] || [[lichen planus]] || ||white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions 
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Widal test]]  || [[Georges-Fernand Widal]] || [[microbiology]] || [[enteric fever]] || ||serum agglutination; obsolete(?)
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Winterbottom's sign]]  || [[Thomas Masterman Winterbottom]] || [[tropical medicine]]   || [[trypanosomiasis]]  || ||posterior cervical chain adenopathy
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Wolff-Parkinson-White triad]]  || [[John Parkinson (physician)|Sir John Parkinson]],<br/>[[Paul Dudley White]],<br/>[[Louis Wolff]] || [[cardiology]] || [[supraventricular tachycardia]]  || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1019|Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome}} ||pre-excitation on ECG
 |- 
 | W ||  [[Wright's maneuver]]  || ?  ||   ||   || (needed)|| 
 |-
 | Y ||  [[Yeoman's test]] || ? || [[rheumatology]] || [[sacroiliitis]] || || sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and extension of hip
|}

== Notes==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Pathognomonic]]

{{Medical conditions}}
{{Eponymous medical signs}}

[[Category:Medical lists]]
[[Category:Lists of eponyms|Medical signs]]

[[pl:Lista eponimicznych nazw objawów chorobowych]]
[[Category:2Fix]]