View source for Monoarthritis

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  ICD10          = {{ICD10|M|13|1|m|05}} |
  ICD9           = {{ICD9|716.60}} |
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'''Monoarthritis''' is [[inflammation]] (''[[arthritis]]'') of one [[joint]] at a time. It is usually caused by trauma, infection, or crystalline  arthritis. 
==Diagnosis==
When faced with monoarthritis, one of the main decisions to make is whether to perform a ''joint aspirate'' by inserting a needle into the affected joint and removing some fluid for [[light microscopy|microscopic]] analysis. This decision is largely taken on [[inflammation|inflammatory]] markers in [[blood test]]s (e.g. [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]), [[fever]] and the clinical picture. The main use of aspiration is to detect [[bacterium|bacteria]] and [[neutrophil granulocytes]] (in septic arthritis) and crystals (crystal arthropathies).

==Causes==
===Septic arthritis===
[[Septic arthritis]] is due to a bacterial infection to the joint. It requires urgent joint washout in the [[operating room]] followed by [[intravenous]] [[antibiotic]] therapy for large joints. Small joints or children can be treated with repeated aspirations and [[intravenous]] [[antibiotics]].

===Gout===
In ''[[gout]]'', the acute inflammatory arthritis is caused by excess [[uric acid]] caused by either overproduction or under-excretion. Before the age of [[menopause]], women have a lower [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] than [[male]]s, but the rates are equal above this age. Gout can cause mono- or polyarthritis, but usually results in monoarthritis first.

===Pseudogout===
When monoarthritis is caused by ''[[pseudogout]]'' (calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, CPPD), the inflammation usually lasts days to weeks, and involves the [[knee]]s in half of all attacks. Like gout, attacks can occur spontaneously or with [[physical trauma]] or metabolic stress. Patients may feel well in between pseudogout attacks, and 5% present with pseudo-rheumatoid symptoms.

===Osteoarthritis===
[[Osteoarthritis]] is a degenerative disease commonly involving the knees and hips. It results from erosion of the [[cartillage]] protecting the bones from rubbing together.   

==See also==
* [[Gout]]
* [[Pseudogout]]
* [[Septic arthritis]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]

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{{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}}

[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]

[[pt:Monoartrite]]
[[Category:2Fix]]