View source for Portal:Pharmacy and Pharmacology/Major topics

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*[[Pharmacy]]
*[[Pharmaceutical company]]
*[[Nicholas Culpeper]] - 17th Century English Physician who translated and used 'pharmocological texts'.

Branches of [[Pharmaceutics]] include:

*[[Pharmacokinetics]]
*[[Pharmacodynamics]]
*[[Pharmacogenomics]]
*[[Pharmaceutical formulation]]
*[[Pharmaceutical technology]]

'''Pharmaceutical dosage forms''':
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*[[Tablet]]
*[[Capsule]]
**[[Hard capsule]]
**[[Soft capsule]]
**[[Microcapsule]]
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*[[Suppository]]
*[[Injection (medicine)|Injection]]
*[[Pessary]]
*[[Cream (pharmaceutical)|Cream]]
*[[Ointment]]
*[[Eye drop]]
*[[Ear drop]]
*[[Inhalation]]
*[[Nasal spray]]
*[[Transdermal patch]]
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*[[Emulsion]]
*[[Suspension (chemistry)|Suspension]]
*[[Dispersion]]
*[[Solution]]
*[[Implant]]
*[[Lotion]]
*[[Inserts]]
*[[Powder (substance)]]
*[[Gels]]
*[[Paste]]
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'''Pharmacy education''':
*[[Bachelor of Pharmacy]]
*[[Doctor of Pharmacy]]
*[[Master of Pharmacy]]
*[[Pharmacist]]
*[[Consultant pharmacist]]
*[[Pharmaconomist]]
*[[Clinical pharmacy]]
*[[Hospital pharmacy]]
*[[List of pharmacies]]
*[[List of pharmacy associations]]
*[[List of pharmacy schools]]
*[[Apothecary]]


'''Related subjects''':
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* [[Big killer]]s
* [[Bioinformatics]]
* [[Biomedical informatics]]
* [[Biotechnology]]
* [[Cheminformatics]]
* [[Clinical trial]]
* [[Complementary and alternative medicine]]
* [[Drug design]]
* [[Drug discovery]]
* [[Health care system]]
* [[Health profession]]
* [[Iatrogenesis]]
* [[Medical equipment]]
* [[Medicare Part D]]  
* [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act]]
* [[Medicine]]
* [[National pharmaceuticals policy]]
* [[Orphan drug]]
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* [[Pharmaceutical marketing]]
* [[Pharmaceuticals (Bangladesh)]]
* [[Pharmaceuticals in China]]
* [[Pharmaceuticals in India]]
* [[Pharmacology]]
* [[Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling]]
* [[Predictive analytics]]
* [[Prescription drug prices in the United States]]
* [[Protein structure prediction]]
* [[Traditional Chinese medicine]]
* [[Rare disease]]s
* [[Rational drug design]]
* [[Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing]]
* [[Compliance (medicine)|Drug compliance & concordance]]
* [[Herbology]]
* [[Herbalism]]
* [[Medicine]]
* [[Nocebo]]
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* [[Pharmacology]]
* [[Placebo (origins of technical term)]]
* [[Prescription]]
* [[Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing]]
* [[Vaccine]]
* [[Cosmeceuticals]]
* [[Drug design]]
* [[Drug Discovery Hit to Lead]]
* [[Enzyme inhibitor]]s
* [[Galenic formulation]]
* [[List of withdrawn drugs]]
* [[Medicare Part D]] - the new prescription drug plan in the U.S.
* [[Medicinal chemistry]]
* [[Neuropsychopharmacology]] - The detailed comprehensive study of mind, brain and drugs.
* [[Neuropharmacology]] - The Molecular and Behavior study of Disease and Drugs in the Nervous System
* [[Pharmacotherapy]]
* [[Pharmakos]]
* [[Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA)]]
* [[Psychopharmacology]] - medication for mental conditions
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== Types of medication ==
=== For the [[gastrointestinal tract]] or [[digestive system]] ===

* Upper digestive tract: [[antacid]]s, [[reflux suppressant]]s, [[antiflatulent]]s, [[antidopaminergic]]s, [[proton pump inhibitor]]s, [[H2-receptor antagonist]]s, [[cytoprotectant]]s, [[prostaglandin analogue]]s
* Lower digestive tract: [[laxative]]s, [[antispasmodic]]s, [[antidiarrhoeal]]s, [[bile acid sequestrant]]s, [[opioid]]s

=== For the [[cardiovascular system]] ===

* General: [[beta-receptor blocker]], [[calcium channel blocker]]s, [[diuretic]]s, [[cardiac glycoside]]s, [[antiarrhythmic]]s, [[nitrate]], [[antianginal]]s, [[vasoconstrictor]], [[vasodilator]], peripheral activator
* Affecting [[Antihypertensive|Blood pressure]]: [[ACE inhibitor]]s, [[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist|angiotensin receptor blockers]], [[alpha blocker]]
* Coagulation: [[anticoagulant]], [[heparin]], [[antiplatelet drug]], [[fibrinolytic]], [[Factor VIII|anti-hemophilic factor]], haemostatic drugs
* Atherosclerosis/cholesterol agents: [[hypolipidaemic agent]]s, [[statin]]s.
=== For the [[central nervous system]] ===
{{see also|Psychoactive drug}}

[[hypnotic]], [[anaesthetics]], [[antipsychotic]], [[antidepressant]] (including [[tricyclics|tricyclic antidepressants]], [[monoamine oxidase inhibitor]], [[lithium salt]], [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]), [[anti-emetic]], [[anticonvulsant]] and [[antiepileptic]], [[anxiolytic]], [[barbiturate]], movement disorder drug, [[stimulant]] (including [[amphetamine]]s), [[benzodiazepine]], cyclopyrrolone, [[dopaminergic]], [[dopamine antagonist]], [[antihistamine]], [[cholinergic]], [[anticholinergic]], [[emetic]], [[cannabinoids]], [[serotonergic]], 5-HT antagonist

=== For pain & consciousness ([[analgesic drugs]]) ===
{{further|[[Analgesic]]}}

The main classes of painkillers are [[NSAIDs]], [[opioid]]s and various orphans such as [[paracetamol]], [[tricyclic antidepressant]]s and [[anticonvulsant]]s.

=== For [[Muscular system|musculo]]-[[Skeleton|skeletal]] disorders ===

[[NSAID]]s (including [[COX-2 selective inhibitor]]s), [[muscle relaxant]], neuromuscular drug<br> [[anticholinesterase]]

=== For the [[eye]] ===

* General: adrenergic neurone blocker, [[astringent]], ocular lubricant
* Diagnostic:  [[topical anesthetic]]s, [[sympathomimetic]]s, [[parasympatholytic]]s, [[mydriatic]]s, [[cycloplegic]]s
* Anti-bacterial:  [[antibiotic]]s, [[topical antibiotic]]s, [[sulfa drugs]], [[aminoglycosides]], [[fluoroquinolones]]
* Anti-viral:
* Anti-fungal: [[imidazole]]s, [[polyene]]s
* Anti-inflammatory:  [[NSAID]]s, [[corticosteroids]]
* Anti-allergy:  [[mast cell|mast cell inhibitors]]
* Anti-glaucoma:  adrenergic agonists, [[beta-blocker]]s, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/[[hyperosmotic]]s, [[cholinergic]]s, [[miotic]]s, [[parasympathomimetic]]s, prostaglandin agonists/prostaglandin inhibitors.  [[nitroglycerin]]

=== For the ear, nose and [[oropharynx]] ===

[[sympathomimetic]], [[antihistamine]], [[anticholinergic]], [[NSAID]]s, [[steroid]], [[antiseptic]], [[local anesthetic]], [[antifungal]], cerumenolytic

=== For the [[respiratory system]] ===

[[bronchodilator]], [[NSAID]]s, anti-allergic, [[antitussive]], [[mucolytic]], [[decongestant]]<br>[[corticosteroid]], [[beta-receptor antagonist]], [[anticholinergic]], [[steroid]]

=== For [[endocrine]] problems ===

[[androgen]], [[antiandrogen]], [[gonadotropin]], [[corticosteroid]], [[growth hormone]], [[insulin]], [[antidiabetic]] ([[sulfonylurea]], [[biguanide]]/[[metformin]], [[thiazolidinedione]], [[insulin]]), [[thyroid hormone]]s, antithyroid drugs, [[calcitonin]], [[diphosponate]], [[vasopressin analogue]]s

=== For the [[reproductive system]] or [[urinary system]] ===

[[antifungal]], alkalising agent, [[quinolones]], [[antibiotic]], [[cholinergic]], [[anticholinergic]], [[anticholinesterase]], [[antispasmodic]], 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, selective alpha-1 blocker, [[sildenafil]]

=== For [[contraception]] ===

[[hormonal contraception]], [[progestagen only contraception]], [[spermicide]], [[ormeloxifene]]

=== For [[obstetrics and gynaecology]] ===

[[NSAID]]s, [[anticholinergic]], haemostatic drug, antifibrinolytic, [[Hormone Replacement Therapy]], bone regulator, beta-receptor agonist, [[follicle stimulating hormone]], [[luteinising hormone]], [[LHRH]]<br> [[gamolenic acid]], gonadotropin release inhibitor, [[progestogen]], [[dopamine agonist]], [[estrogen|oestrogen]], [[prostaglandin]], [[gonadorelin]], [[clomiphene]], [[tamoxifen]], [[Diethylstilbestrol]]

=== For the [[skin]] ===

[[emollient]], [[antipruritic|anti-pruritic]], [[antifungal]], [[disinfectant]], scabicide, pediculicide, tar products, [[vitamin A derivatives]], [[vitamin D analogue]], [[keratolytic]], [[abrasive]], [[systemic antibiotic]], [[topical antibiotic]], [[hormone]]s, desloughing agent, exudate absorbent, [[fibrinolytic]], [[proteolytic]], [[sunscreen]], [[antiperspirant]], [[corticosteroid]]

=== For infections and infestations ===

[[antibiotic]], [[antifungal]], antileprotic, antituberculous drug, antimalarial, [[anthelmintic]], amoebicide, [[antiviral]], [[antiprotozoal agent|antiprotozoal]], [[antiserum]]

=== For [[immunology]] ===

[[vaccine]], [[immunoglobulin]], [[immunosuppressant]], [[interferon]], [[monoclonal antibody]]

=== For [[Allergy|allergic]] disorders ===

anti-allergic, [[antihistamine]], [[NSAID]]s

=== For [[nutrition]] ===

tonic, iron preparation, [[electrolyte]], parenteral nutritional supplement, [[vitamin]]s, [[anti-obesity drug]], anabolic drug, haematopoietic drug, food product drug

=== For [[Neoplasia|neoplastic]] disorders ===

[[cytotoxic drug]], [[sex hormone]]s, [[aromatase inhibitor]], somatostatin inhibitor, recombinant [[interleukin]]s,  [[Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor|G-CSF]], [[erythropoietin]]

=== For diagnostics ===

[[contrast media]]

=== For euthanasia ===

A euthanaticum is used for [[euthanasia|euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide]], see also [[Barbiturate#Other non-therapeutical use|barbiturates]].

=== Other/related topics ===

[[Polypharmacy]]: suggests that multiple use  of prescribed and non-prescribed medications, (use of 5 or more), can have adverse effects on the recipient.

[[Zoopharmacognosy]]: Animal usage of drugs and non-foods.

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