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{{dablink|This is an article about the United States Food and Drug Act; for the Canadian version see 
[[Food and Drugs Act]]. For the band see [[Pure Food and Drug Act (band)]].}}

{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| name= Pure Food and Drug Act
| fullname= Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906
| acronym= 
| enacted by= 59th
| effective date= January 01, 1907
| public law url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bookres.fcgi/history/pdf_purefood.pdf
| cite public law= 59-384
| cite statutes at large= 34 Stat. 768
| acts amended= 
| title amended= 
| sections created= 
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| leghisturl= 
| introducedin= 
| introducedbill= 
| introducedby= 
| introduceddate= 
| committees= 
| passedbody1= 
| passeddate1= 
| passedvote1= 
| passedbody2= [[United_States_Senate|Senate]]
| passeddate2= June 30, 1906
| passedvote2= 
| conferencedate= 
| passedbody3= 
| passeddate3= 
| passedvote3= 
| passedbody4= 
| passeddate4= 
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| signedpresident= [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
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| amendments= 
}}
{{USdruglaws}}
The '''Pure Food and Drug Act''' of June 30, 1906 is a [[United States federal law]] that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous [[patent medicine]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ayers |first=Edward A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1907 |month=August |title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=sojNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9316 What The Food Law Saves Us From: Adulterations, Substitutions, Chemical Dyes, and Other Evils] |journal=[[World's_Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]] |volume=XIV |issue= |pages=9316–9322 |id= |url= |accessdate=2009-07-10 |quote= }}</ref> The Act arose due to public education and exposés from [[Muckraker]]s such as  [[Upton Sinclair]] and [[Samuel Hopkins Adams]], social activist [[Florence Kelley]], researcher [[Harvey W. Wiley]], and [[President of the United States|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. 

==Labeling of Habit-Forming Drugs==
The Pure Food and Drug Act required that certain specified drugs, including [[alcohol]], [[cocaine]], [[heroin]], [[morphine]], and [[cannabis]], be accurately labeled with contents and dosage. Previously many drugs had been sold as [[patent medicines]] with secret ingredients or misleading labels. Cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and other such drugs continued to be legally available without prescription as long as they were labeled. It is estimated that sale of patent medicines containing [[opiates]] decreased by 33% after labeling was mandated.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Musto 
| first =David F. 
| year =1999 (3rd edition)
| title =The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control
| publisher =Oxford University Press
| isbn = 0195125096
| url = http://books.google.com/?id=7VrQy2d8PxYC
}}</ref> The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 is cited by [[drug policy reform]] advocates such as [[James P. Gray]] as a successful model for [[drug liberalization|re-legalization]] of currently [[prohibition (drugs)|prohibited drugs]] by requiring accurate labels, monitoring of purity and dose, and consumer education.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Gray 
| first =James P. 
| year =2001
| title =Why our drug laws have failed and what we can do about it: a judicial indictment of the War on Drugs
| publisher =Temple University Press
| isbn = 9781566398602
| url = http://books.google.com/?id=_fTD0QCtuRIC
}}	
</ref>  

==Coca-Cola==
The Pure Food and Drug Act was initially concerned with ensuring products were labeled correctly. Later efforts were made to outlaw certain products that were not safe, followed by efforts to outlaw products which were safe but not effective. For example, an attempt to outlaw [[Coca-Cola]] in 1909 because of its excessive [[caffeine]]; caffeine replaced cocaine as the active ingredient in coca-cola in 1903. In the case ''[[United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola]]'', the judge found that Coca-Cola had a right to use caffeine as it saw fit, although excessive litigation costs caused Coca-Cola to settle out of court with the [[United States Government]]. The caffeine amount was reduced.

==Food and Drug Administration==
The 1906 Act paved the way for the eventual creation of the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) and is generally considered to be that agency's founding date, though the agency existed before the law was passed and was not named FDA until later. The law itself was largely replaced by the much more comprehensive [[Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] of 1938.

== See also ==
* [[Food Administration]]
* [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]]
* [[Food Quality Protection Act]]
* [[Meat Inspection Act]]

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{cite journal|last=Barkan|first=I. D.|date=1985 January; |title=Industry invites regulation: the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.|journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=75|issue=1|pages=18–26|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1646146|doi=10.2105/AJPH.75.1.18|pmid=3881052|pmc=1646146}}
*{{cite book |title=Connecticut Agricultural & Experiment Station Annual Reports |last=The State Of Connecticut |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher= |location=New Haven |isbn= |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate=}} For years preceding and following passage of the Act: 
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=0nwSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1# 1896], First report of the station on adulterated food products; [http://books.google.com/books?id=UXMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 1897]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=_YMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA103 1898]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=xIMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA93 1899];  [http://books.google.com/books?id=xnQSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA105 1900]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=C3USAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 1901]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=hXMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA179 1902]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=JHMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA107 1903]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=bnQSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA105 1904]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=XqgSAAAAYAAJ&&pg=PA107 1905]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=O5gSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA108 1906]; 1907: [http://books.google.com/books?id=nssSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA121 Food], [http://books.google.com/books?id=nssSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA573 Food], [http://books.google.com/books?id=nssSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA686 Drugs]; 1908: Not located; 1909: Not located; 1910: Not located; 1911: [http://books.google.com/books?id=U80SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101 Food], [http://books.google.com/books?id=U80SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA162 Drugs]
* {{cite journal |last=Dunn |first=Arthur Wallace |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1911 |month=September |title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=rHAAAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14958 Dr. Wiley And Pure Food, First Article: A Twenty-Year's Fight, The Long Struggle Against "Influence" To Enact The Law, The Harder Struggle To Enforce It, An Amazing Story of Obstruction] |journal=[[World's_Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]] |volume=XXII |issue= |pages=14958–14965 |id= |url= |accessdate=2009-07-10 |quote= }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dunn |first=Arthur Wallace |authorlink=|coauthors= |year=1911 |month=November |title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vv--PfedzLAC&pg=PA29 Dr. Wiley And Pure Food, Second Article: The Chief Of The Bureau Of Chemistry As Washington Knows Him] |journal=[[World's_Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]] |volume=XXIII |issue= |pages=29–40 |id= |url= |accessdate=2009-07-10 |quote= }}
* {{cite book|last=Greeley|first=Arthur Philip|title=The Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906: A Study with Text of the Act, Annotated, the Rules and Regulations for the Enforcement of the Act, Food Inspection, Decisions and Official Food Standards|publisher=J. Byrne & Company|location=Washington, D.C.|date=1907|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ngQRAAAAYAAJ}}
{{Refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/wileyact.htm The Wiley Act on FDA]
* [http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~hst203/documents/pure.html Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906] Full-text

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[[Category:1906 in law]]
[[Category:Food law]]
[[Category:Food safety]]
[[Category:United States federal healthcare legislation]]
[[Category:History of the United States (1865–1918)]]
[[Category:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt]]
[[Category:Food and Drug Administration]]
[[Category:1906 in American politics]]
[[Category:Adulteration]]
[[fr:Pure Food and Drug Act]]
[[pl:Ustawa o czystości żywności i leków]]
[[Category:2Fix]]