View source for Takayasu's arteritis

{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
  Name           = Takayasu&#39;s arteritis |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|M|31|4|m|30}} |
  ICD9           = {{ICD9|446.7}} |
  ICDO           = |
  Image          = Takayasu_Arteritis.jpg|thumb
  Caption        = |
  OMIM           = 207600 |
  MedlinePlus    = 001250 |
  eMedicineSubj  = med |
  eMedicineTopic = 2232 |
  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|1956}} {{eMedicine2|neuro|361}} {{eMedicine2|radio|51}} |
  DiseasesDB     = 12879 |
  MeshID         = D013625 |
}}

'''Takayasu's [[arteritis]]''' (also known as "Aortic arch syndrome", "Nonspecific Aortoarteritis" and "Pulseless disease"<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|841}}) is an [[inflammation|inflammatory disease]] with an unknown cause. It affects the [[aorta]], the main blood vessel from the heart, as well as the blood vessels that attach to it. Although it has been reported worldwide, it is more common in young [[Asian people|Asian]] women. [[Female|Females]] are about 8-9 times more likely to get it than [[male|males]].<ref name=emedpedtakay>{{Emedicine|PED|1956|Takayasu Arteritis - Pediatrics}}</ref> People usually get the disease between 15 and 30 years of age. In the [[Western world]], [[atherosclerosis]] is a more frequent cause of obstruction of the aortic arch vessels than is Takayasu's arteritis. 

It is also known as "Pulseless disease" because pulses on the upper extremities, such as the wrist pulse, may not be able to be felt.

==History==

The first case of Takayasu’s arteritis was described in 1908 by Dr. [[Mikito Takayasu]] at the Annual Meeting of the Japan Ophthalmology Society.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|2722}}</ref><ref>M. Takayasu. A case with peculiar changes of the central retinal vessels. Acta Societatis ophthalmologicae Japonicae, Tokyo 1908, 12: 554.</ref> Dr. Takayasu described a peculiar "wreathlike" appearance of [[blood vessel]]s in the back of the eye ([[retina]]). Two [[Japan]]ese colleagues at the same meeting (Dr. Onishi and Dr. Kagoshima) reported similar eye findings in patients whose [[Pulse|wrist pulse]]s were absent. It is now known that the blood vessel malformations that occur in the retina are an [[Angiogenesis|angiogenic]] response to arterial narrowings in the neck, and that the absence of pulses noted in some patients occur because of narrowings of blood vessels to the arms. The eye findings described by Takayasu are rarely seen in patients from [[North America]] and British Columbia.

==Pathophysiology==

Although its [[etiology]] is unknown, the condition is characterized by segmental and patchy [[granuloma]]tous [[inflammation]] of the aorta and major derivative branches. This inflammation leads to arterial [[stenosis]], [[thrombosis]], and [[aneurysm]]s. <ref name=emedpedtakay />

==Symptoms==
About half of all patients develop an initial systemic illness with [[symptom]]s of [[malaise]], [[fever]], [[sleep hyperhidrosis|night sweats]], [[weight loss]], [[arthralgia]], and [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]]. There is often an [[anemia]] and marked elevation of the [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]. This phase gradually subsides and is followed by a more [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] stage characterized by inflammatory and obliterative changes in the aorta and its branches. The other half of patients with Takayasu's arteritis present with only late vascular changes, without an antecedent systemic illness. In the late stage, weakness of the arterial walls may give rise to localized [[aneurysm]]s. [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] is commonly found in this disease. 

==Treatments==

The great majority of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis respond to [[prednisone]]. The usual starting dose is approximately 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight per day (for most people, this is approximately 60 milligrams a day). Because of the significant [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] of long-term high–dose prednisone use, the starting dose is tapered over several weeks to a dose that the [[physician]] feels is tolerable for the patient.

Surgical options may need to be explored for patients who do not respond to steroids.  Re-perfusion of tissues can be achieved by large vessel reconstructive surgery such as bypass grafting.  Grafting autologous tissue has the highest rates of success.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are not as effective in the long term but has fewer risks.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/typesof/takayasu.html Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Discusses Takayasu's Arteritis]
*[http://www.takayasus.org Takayasu's Arteritis Research Association]
* {{Chorus|00389}}
* {{GPnotebook|-362086386}}

{{Systemic vasculitis}}

[[Category:Angiology]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Vascular-related cutaneous conditions]]
[[Category:Systemic connective tissue disorders]]

[[de:Takayasu-Arteriitis]]
[[es:Arteritis de Takayasu]]
[[fa:التهاب عروقی تاکایاسو]]
[[fr:Artérite de Takayasu]]
[[it:Arterite di Takayasu]]
[[ja:大動脈炎症候群]]
[[pl:Zespół Takayasu]]
[[pt:Arterite de Takayasu]]
[[ru:Синдром Такаясу]]
[[sv:Takayasus sjukdom]]
[[tr:Takayasu arteriti]]
[[uk:Синдром Такаясу]]
[[Category:2Fix]]