View source for Tui na

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:''[[Tuina]] redirects here. For the [[moth]] [[genus]], see [[Tuina (moth)]].''

{{Chinese|c=推拿|p=tuī ná|j=teoi<sup>1</sup> naa<sup>4</sup>|l=push and grasp|showflag=p|pic=Tuina5.jpg|piccap=Tuina treatment}}

'''Tui na''' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:推|推]][[wikt:拏|拏]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} or [[wikt:推|推]][[wikt:拿|拿]]|p=tuī ná}}), is a form of [[China|Chinese]] [[manipulative therapy]] often used in conjunction with [[acupuncture]], [[moxibustion]], [[fire cupping]], Chinese [[herbalism]], [[Tai Chi Chuan|tai chi]], and [[qigong]].

''Tui na'' is a hands-on body treatment that uses Chinese [[taoist]] and [[martial art]] principles to bring the body to balance. The principles being balanced are the [[eight principles]] of [[Traditional Chinese Medicine]] (qv because TCM was codified by the PRC out of many ancient traditions.)  The practitioner may brush, knead, roll/press and rub the areas between each of the joints (known as the eight gates) to open the body's defensive (wei) chi and get the energy moving in both the meridians and the muscles.  The practitioner can then use range of motion, [[traction]], [[massage]], with the stimulation of [[acupressure]] points and to treat both acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions, as well as many non-musculoskeletal conditions. Tui na is an integral part of [[Traditional Chinese Medicine]] (TCM) and is taught in TCM schools as part of formal training in [[Oriental]] medicine. Many [[East Asian]] [[martial arts]] schools also teach ''tui na'' to their advanced students for the treatment and management of injury and pain due to training. As with many other traditional Chinese medical practices, there are several different schools with greater or lesser differences in their approach to the discipline. It is related also to Chinese [[massage]] or ''[[anma]]'' ([[wikt:按|按]][[wikt:摩|摩]]).

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{{Manipulative methods}}
In ancient China, medical therapy was often classified into "external" and "internal" treatments. Tui na was one of the external methods, especially suitable for use on the elderly population and on infants. Today it is subdivided into specialized treatment for infants, adults, orthopedics, traumatology, cosmetology, rehabilitation, sports medicine, etc. Tui na has been used extensively in China for over 2,000 years.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}

Tui na has fewer side effects than modern drug-based and chemical-based treatments. It has been used to treat or complement the treatment of many conditions; musculo-skeletal disorders and chronic stress-related disorders of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems.

==History==
Massage techniques are ubiquitous in almost all early human cultures. Similar techniques date at least as early as the [[Shang Dynasty]], around 1700 BC. Ancient inscriptions on oracle bones show that massage was used to treat infants and adult digestive conditions. In his book ''Jin Gui Yao Lue'', Zhang Zhongjing, a famous physician in the Han Dynasty (206 BC), wrote, "As soon as the heavy sensation of the limbs is felt, "[[Daoyin]]", "Tui na", "Zhenjiu" and "Gaomo", all of which are therapeutic methods, are carried out in order to prevent... the disease from gaining a start." Around 700 CE, Tui na had developed into a separate study in the Imperial Medical College.

The first reference to this type of external treatment was called "anwu", then the more common name became "anmo". It was then popularized and spread to many foreign countries such as [[Korea]] and [[Japan]].

As the art of massage continued to develop and gain structure, it merged (around 1600 CE) with another technique called tui na, which was the specialty of bone-setting using deep manipulation. It was also around this time that the different systems of tui na became popular, each with its own sets of rules and methods.

Today, the term Tui na has replaced anmo within [[China]] and in the West. The term anmo is still used in some surrounding countries such as Japan.

It is not unusual to see practitioners working on street corners and parks in modern China. Tui na is an occupation that is particularly suitable to those with physical disabilities and in China, many blind persons receive training in the art of tui na, where their heightened sense of touch is a great benefit.

Naprapathy is also called tuina massage.

==See also==
* [[Acupoint therapy]]
* [[Anma]]
* [[Chin na]]
* [[Gua Sha]]
* [[Naprapathy]]
* [[Nihon Kaifuku Anma]]
* [[Pushing hands]]
* [[Shiatsu]]
* [[Dim Mak]]
* [[Varma Kalai]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.tuina.com/ Official Tuina Website]
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{{Massage types}}

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[[Category:Tai chi chuan]]
[[Category:Traditional Chinese medicine]]
[[Category:Manipulative therapy]]
[[Category:Chinese words and phrases]]
[[Category:Massage therapy]]

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