Difference between revisions of "Medical literature"

Latest revision as of 13:55, 19 September 2010

Medical literature refers to articles in journals and texts in books devoted to the field of medicine.

Contemporary and historic views regarding diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of medical conditions have been documented for thousands of years. The Edwin Smith papyrus is the first known medical treatise. Initially most described inflictions related to warfare. This was because war was the most important part of society and it was the most common way of contracting health problems.

History

Throughout history people have written about diseases, how human beings might contract them and what could be done to remedy it. Medicine ranged from folklore, witchcraft to the current Evidence-based medicine.^[1][2][3] Among the most notable descriptions are texts from Egypt (Imhotep, Edwin Smith Papyrus, Ebers Papyrus, Kahun Gynecological Papyrus),^[4] Mesopotamia (Diagnostic Handbook, Alkindus, De Gradibus), India (Ayurveda, Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita), China (Yellow Emperor, Huangdi Neijing), Greece (Iliad and Odyssey are the earliest sources of Greek medical practise; Hippocratic medicine),^[5] Persia (Rhazes, Avicenna, The Canon of Medicine, The Book of Healing), Spain (Abulcasis, Kitab al-Tasrif) and Syria (Ibn al-Nafis, Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon, Comprehensive Book on Medicine).

Following Vesalius, William Harvey, Ignaz Semmelweis, Louis Pasteur, and others, the medical community have changed the way it conducts research. After incorporating the scientific method medical literature has introduced the so-called peer review, and is currently divided into journals and textbooks.

Medical journal

These are publications in which the medical community shares information. Articles are commonly either original articles or reviews.

1. Original articles describe randomized controlled trials which are submitted for peer review following the scientific method.
2. Reviews are an overview of one particular topic in order to refresh the readers' memory.

When looking for specific information in any journal one can use the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database. Examples of journals are:

• The New England Journal of Medicine
• The Lancet
• JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association)
• Annals of Internal Medicine
• Nature Medicine
• BMJ (British Medical Journal)
• CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal)
• Archives of Internal Medicine

Medical textbooks

After consensus has been reached it is incorporated in textbooks. There are textbooks on every medical specialty and they contain comprehensive discussion on all diseases and their diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Examples are:

• Cecil Textbook of Medicine^[6]
• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine^[7]
• The Oxford Textbook of Medicine^[8]

Medical journalism

Health-related information is often disseminated to the public via mainstream media outlets; these reports influence doctors, the general public, and the government. Most news articles fail to discuss important issues such as evidence quality, costs, and risks versus benefits.^[9] Although medical news articles often deliver public health messages effectively, they often convey wrong or misleading information about health care, partly when reporters do not know or cannot convey the results of clinical studies, and partly when they fail to supply reasonable context.^[10] Several web sites review medical journalism; examples include Health News Review in the U.S. and Media Doctor in Australia.^[11]

Internet

Most prominent journals and textbooks are currently available on-line or via CD-Rom. Certain online services including Medscape and MDLinx offer aggregated digests of new articles from prominent medical journals.

See also

• Cochrane Collaboration
• Evidence-based medicine
• Guideline
• JournalReview.org
• Medical Encyclopedia
• Peer review
• Scientific method
• World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)

References

1. ↑ Medicine in Ancient and Medieval Times
2. ↑ MEDICAL HISTORY ON THE INTERNET
3. ↑ Asclepion, a World Wide Web page devoted to the study of ancient medicine
4. ↑ Medicine in Ancient Egypt
5. ↑ Medicine in Ancient Greece
6. ↑ Cecil Textbook of Medicine
7. ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
8. ↑ Oxford Textbook of Medicine
9. ↑ Schwitzer G (2008). "How do US journalists cover treatments, tests, products, and procedures? an evaluation of 500 stories". PLoS Med. 5 (5): e95. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050095. PMC 2689661 Freely accessible. PMID 18507496. Lay summary – Guardian (2008-06-21). 
10. ↑ Dentzer S (2009). "Communicating medical news—pitfalls of health care journalism". N Engl J Med. 360 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0805753. PMID 19118299. 
11. ↑ "False hopes, unwarranted fears: the trouble with medical news stories". PLoS Med. 5 (5): e118. 2008. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050118. PMC 2689669 Freely accessible. PMID 18507502.