Difference between revisions of "List of woods"
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Latest revision as of 09:21, 20 September 2010
This is a list of woods, in particular those commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.
See also: woods (golf clubs), forest, and the list of forests.
Contents
Softwoods (conifers)
- Araucaria
- Hoop Pine (Aus.) Araucaria cunninghamii
- Parana Pine (Brazil) Araucaria angustifolia
- Pehuén or Chile Pine Araucaria araucana
- Cedar (Cedrus); also applied to a number of woods from trees in the Cypress family mainly in North America, see Red Cedar, Whitecedar and Yellow-Cedar in Softwoods, and to woods from some relatives of the mahogany, see Spanish-cedar and Australian Red Cedar in Hardwoods.
- Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
- Bald Cypress or Southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
- Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
- Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
- Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
- Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
- European Yew (Taxus baccata)
- Fir (Abies)
- Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
- Silver Fir (Abies alba)
- Noble Fir (Abies procera)
- Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis)
- Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
- Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
- Kaya (Torreya nucifera)
- Larch (Larix)
- European Larch (Larix decidua)
- Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
- Tamarack Larch or Tamarack (Larix laricina)
- Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)
- Pine (Pinus; Many woods are incorrectly called "Pine". See Araucaria and Douglas-fir above)
- Corsican pine (Pinus nigra)
- Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
- Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta subsp latifolia)
- Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Red Pine (N.Am.) (Pinus resinosa)
- Scots Pine, Red pine (UK), Red deal (UK), Redwood (UK, obsolete) (Pinus sylvestris)
- White Pine in (N.Am.), Yellow or Weymouth pine (UK, obsolete)
- Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
- Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)
- Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
- Southern Yellow pine (US)
- Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
- Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
- Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
- "Redcedar"
- Eastern Redcedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
- Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
- Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
- Rimu (New Zealand) (Dacrydium cupressinum)
- Spruce (Picea)
- Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
- Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
- Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
- Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- White Spruce (Picea glauca)
- Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
- "Whitecedar"
- Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)
- Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
- "Yellow-cedar" (Nootka Cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)
Hardwoods (angiosperms)
- Afzelia or Doussie (Afzelia africana)
- Agba or Tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
- Alder (Alnus)
- Applewood or crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
- Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
- Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
- Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata)
- Oregon ash (F. latifolia) [1]
- Pumpkin ash (F. profunda) [1]
- White ash (Fraxinus americana)
- Aspen (Populus)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
- European aspen (Populus tremula)
- Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
- Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Ayan or Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
- Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
- Basswood
- American basswood (Tilia americana) [1]
- White basswood (T. heterophylla) [1]
- Beech (Fagus)
- European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
- American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
- Birch (Betula)
- American birches
- Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
- River birch (B. nigra)
- Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
- Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
- Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis syn Betula lutea) - most common birch wood sold in N.Am.
- European birches, also Baltic birch (N.Am.)
- Silver birch (Betula pendula)
- White Birch (Betula pubescens)
- American birches
- Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
- Blackwood
- Australian Blackwood also Tasmanian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
- African Blackwood or Mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Bocote (Cordia alliodora)
- Boxelder (Acer negundo)
- Boxwood or Box (Buxus sempervirens)
- Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
- Bubinga (Guibourtia)
- Buckeye (Aesculus)
- Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
- Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
- Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava syn. Aesculus octandra)
- Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
- Carapa (or Andiroba, Carap, Crappo, Crabwood and Santa Maria) (Carapa guianensis) .
- Catalpa (Catalpa)
- Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Red cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica)
- Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
- "Brazilian Cherry" Not a Cherry See Jatoba below
- Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
- Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
- Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
- Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
- Cottonwood
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
- Plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
- Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
- Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
- Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
- Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
- Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marble-wood (India) (Diospyros kurzii)
- Ebène marbre (Mauritius, E. Africa) (Diospyros melanida)
- Gabon ebony, Black ebony, African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)
- Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
- English elm (Ulmus procera)
- Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
- Slippery or Red elm (Ulmus rubra)
- Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
- Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)
- Lyptus
- Karri (W. Australia) (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
- Mahogany eucalyptus, (New South Wales) (Eucalyptus)
- Ironbark Eucalyptus sideroxylon
- Jarrah or West Australian eucalyptus (Eucalyptus marginata)
- Tasmanian oak or Mountain ash, (Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus delegatensis)
- River Red Gum
- Blue Gum Eucalyptus saligna
- Greenheart (Guyana) (Chlorocardium rodiei)
- Grenadilla (Mpingo) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Gum
- Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
- Hickory (Carya)
- Mockernut hickory (Carya alba)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
- Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
- Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
- Hornbeam (Carpinus species)
- Hophornbeam, Eastern (Ostrya virginiana)
- Ipê or Poui (Tabebuia)
- Iroko (Milicia excelsa syn Chlorophora excelsa)
- Ironwood refers to the wood of many tree species noted for the hardness of their wood. Trees commonly known as ironwoods include:
- Bangkirai, also known as Balau.
- Carpinus caroliniana — also known as American hornbeam
- Casuarina equisetifolia — Common Ironwood from Australia
- Choricbangarpia subargentea
- Copaifera spp.
- Eusideroxylon zwageri
- Guajacum officinale and Guajacum sanctum — Lignum vitae
- Hopea odorata
- Ipe also known as Brazilian Walnut.
- Krugiodendron ferreum — Black Ironwood
- Lyonothamnus lyonii (L. floribundus) — Catalina Ironwood
- Mesua ferrea — also known as Rose Chestnut or Ceylon Ironwood, from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
- Olea spp. — various olive trees
- Olneya tesota — Desert Ironwood
- Ostrya virginiana — Hop hornbeam
- Parrotia persica — Persian Ironwood
- Tabebuia serratifolia — Yellow Lapacho
- Jacarandá, Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)
- Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
- Lacewood from the Sycamore(N.Am.) or Plane(UK) trees (Platanus species)
- Laurel, California (Umbellularia californica)
- Limba (Terminalia superba)
- Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum)
- Locust
- Mahogany
- Maple (Acer)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
- Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
- Black maple (Acer nigrum)
- Soft Maple (N.Am.)
- Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
- Red maple (Acer rubrum)
- Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
- European Maples
- Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
- Meranti (Shorea spp.)
- Merbau (Intsia bijuga)
- Mpingo (Grenadilla) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Oak (Quercus)
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
- White oak (Quercus alba)
- Post oak (Quercus stellata)
- Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
- Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
- Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
- Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus or Q. Montana)
- Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
- Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
- Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
- English oak, also French and Slovenian oak barrels (Quercus robur and sometimes Quercus petraea)
- Red oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Red oak (Quercus rubra)
- Black oak (Quercus velutina)
- Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia))
- Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
- Water oak (Quercus nigra)
- Willow oak {Quercus phellos)
- Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana or Q. nuttallii)
- "Tasmanian oak"; Not an oak see Eucalyptus above
- Australian "Silky oak"; Not an oak see Silky Oak below
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
- Obeche or Samba, Ayous, Arere, Wana, Abache (West Africa) (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
- Okoumé or "Gaboon" (Aucoumea klaineana)
- Olive (Olea europaea)
- Oregon Myrtle or California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
- Palisander (Dalbergia)
- Pear (Pyrus communis)
- Pernambuco is another name for Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
- Poplar (Populus; in N.Am., wood sold as poplar is usually Yellow-poplar — see below)
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Black poplar (Populus nigra)
- Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis)
- Yellow poplar or Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera)
- Ramin
- Red cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)
- Sal (Shorea robusta)
- Sandalwood (Santalum)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Satinwood (Ceylon) (Chloroxylon swietenia)
- Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta) - Sold as Lacewood in North America
- Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata
- Snakewood
- Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
- Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
- American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- Teak (Tectona grandis)
- Walnut (Juglans)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Persian Walnut (Juglans regia)
- Brazilian walnut; Not a walnut see Ipe above.
- Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
- Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
- Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Coerulea')
- White willow (Salix alba)
Hardwoods (monocotyledons)
- Bamboo (a number of species in Tribe: Bambuseae)
- Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera) is 'new' wood source that is increasingly being used as an ecologically-sound alternative to endangered hardwoods.
See also
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
- National Hardwood and Lumber Association
- American Hardwood Information Center
- American Hardwood Export Council
- Australian National Association of Forest Industries
- Canadian Wood Group
- FSC Lesser Known Tropical Wood Index
- Wood Identification Website
- Database of Wood Species
- Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
- US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook PDF 916K
- International Wood Collectors Society
- Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
- African Timber Export Statisticsde:Liste der Holzarten
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