Difference between revisions of "Benzylpenicillin"
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| − | '''Benzylpenicillin''', commonly known as '''penicillin G''', is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] type of [[penicillin]]. Penicillin G is typically given by a [[route of administration|parenteral route of administration]] (not orally) because it is unstable in the [[hydrochloric acid]] of the stomach. Because the drug is given parenterally, higher tissue concentrations of penicillin G can be achieved than is possible with [[phenoxymethylpenicillin]]. These higher concentrations translate to increased antibacterial activity. | + | '''Benzylpenicillin''', commonly known as '''penicillin G''', is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] type of [[penicillin]]. 'G' in the name 'Penicillin G' refers to 'Gold Standard'. Penicillin G is typically given by a [[route of administration|parenteral route of administration]] (not orally) because it is unstable in the [[hydrochloric acid]] of the stomach. Because the drug is given parenterally, higher tissue concentrations of penicillin G can be achieved than is possible with [[phenoxymethylpenicillin]]. These higher concentrations translate to increased antibacterial activity. |
Specific indications for benzylpenicillin include:<ref name="AMH2006">{{cite book | editor=Rossi S, editor | title=[[Australian Medicines Handbook]] | year=2006 | location=Adelaide | publisher=Australian Medicines Handbook | isbn=0-9757919-2-3}}</ref> | Specific indications for benzylpenicillin include:<ref name="AMH2006">{{cite book | editor=Rossi S, editor | title=[[Australian Medicines Handbook]] | year=2006 | location=Adelaide | publisher=Australian Medicines Handbook | isbn=0-9757919-2-3}}</ref> | ||
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== Toxicology == | == Toxicology == | ||
| − | + | Benzylpenicillin serum concentrations can be monitored either by traditional microbiological assay or by more modern chromatographic techniques. Such measurements can be useful to avoid central nervous system toxicity in any patient receiving large doses of the drug on a chronic basis, but they are especially relevant to patients with renal failure, who may accumulate the drug due to reduced urinary excretion rates.<ref>Fossieck B Jr, Parker RH. Neurotoxicity during intravenous infusion of penicillin. A review. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 14: 504- 512, 1974.</ref><ref>R. Baselt, ''Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man'', 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 1195-1196.</ref> | |
== Compendial status == | == Compendial status == | ||
Latest revision as of 15:52, 27 September 2010
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| 180px | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2α,5α,6β))- | |
| Clinical data | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | parenteral |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 60 % |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Biological half-life | 30 min |
| Excretion | renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |
61-33-6 (free acid) 69-57-8 (sodium salt) |
| ATC code | J01CE01 (WHO) S01AA14 QJ51CE01 |
| PubChem | CID 5904 |
| DrugBank | DB01053 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C16H18N2O4S |
| Molar mass | 334.4 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
| (verify) | |
Benzylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin G, is the gold standard type of penicillin. 'G' in the name 'Penicillin G' refers to 'Gold Standard'. Penicillin G is typically given by a parenteral route of administration (not orally) because it is unstable in the hydrochloric acid of the stomach. Because the drug is given parenterally, higher tissue concentrations of penicillin G can be achieved than is possible with phenoxymethylpenicillin. These higher concentrations translate to increased antibacterial activity.
Specific indications for benzylpenicillin include:[1]
- Cellulitis
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Gonorrhea
- Meningitis
- Aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Syphilis
- Septicemia in children
- Septic Arthritis
Side Effects
Adverse affect can include hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, fever, joint pains, rashes, angioedema, anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like reaction. Rarely CNS toxicity including convulsions (especially with high doses or in severe renal impairment), interstitial nephritis, haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation disorders. Also reported diarrhoea (including antibiotic-associated colitis).
Toxicology
Benzylpenicillin serum concentrations can be monitored either by traditional microbiological assay or by more modern chromatographic techniques. Such measurements can be useful to avoid central nervous system toxicity in any patient receiving large doses of the drug on a chronic basis, but they are especially relevant to patients with renal failure, who may accumulate the drug due to reduced urinary excretion rates.[2][3]
Compendial status
| 20px | This section requires expansion. |
References
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th:เบนซิลเพนิซิลลิน- ↑ Rossi S, editor, ed. (2006). Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3.
- ↑ Fossieck B Jr, Parker RH. Neurotoxicity during intravenous infusion of penicillin. A review. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 14: 504- 512, 1974.
- ↑ R. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 1195-1196.
- ↑ British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat. "Index (BP 2009)" (PDF). Retrieved 26 March 2010.
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