Difference between revisions of "Fascia"

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Latest revision as of 20:27, 21 September 2010

Fascia
File:Gray395.png
The rectus sheath, an example of a fascia.
Latin	fascia
Gray's	subject #104 376
Precursor	mesenchyme
MeSH	Fascia

A fascia (pronounced /ˈfæʃiə/,  dict: făsh′ · ē · ə, plural fas·ci·ae /ˈfæʃɨ.i/  dict: făsh′  · ē · ē, adjective fascial; from latin: "band") is a layer of fibrous tissue^[1] that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together like plastic sandwich wraps.^[2]. It consists of several layers: a superficial fascia, a deep fascia, and a subserous (or visceral) fascia and extends uninterrupted from the head to the tip of the toes.^[3]

Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fasciae are dense regular connective tissues, containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fasciae are consequently flexible structures able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force. These collagen fibers are produced by the fibroblasts located within the fascia.^[2]

Definition

There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia", and how fascia should be classified.^[4] The two most common systems are:

• the one specified in the 1983 edition of Nomina Anatomica (NA 1983)
• the one specified in the 1997 edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1997)

NA 1983	TA 1997	Description	Example
Superficial fascia	(not considered fascia in this system)	This is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis.[5]	Fascia of Scarpa
Deep fascia	Fascia of muscles	This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body.	Transversalis fascia
Visceral fascia	Visceral fascia, parietal fascia	This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes.	Pericardium

Function

Fasciae are normally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body. Some research suggest that fasciae might be able to contract independently and thus actively influence muscle dynamics.^[3]

The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae allow muscles to glide over each other.^[6]

See also

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Look up fascia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Acupuncture
• Fasciotomy
• Myofascial release

References

External links

• Fascia Research
• lesson1layersofbody at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

de:Faszie

es:Fascia eo:Fascio fa:فاسیا fr:Fascia he:חיתולית lt:Fascija nl:Fascie (bindweefsel) ja:筋膜 pt:Compartimento fascial ru:Фасция sv:Fascia

tl:Fascia

1. ↑ fascia at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. Pearson Education. p. 133. ISBN 9780321372949. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} "Self Myofascial Release". Retrieved 2010-08-17. 
4. ↑ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. p. 33. ISBN 3-13-114361-4. 
5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
6. ↑ Faller, A; Schuenke, M (2004) The Human Body, Thieme, p 127