Pharmacometrics

Pharmacometrics uses models based on pharmacology, physiology and disease for quantitative analysis of interactions between drugs and patients. This involves pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease progression with a focus on populations and variability,

Pharmacometrics is defined as the science that quantifies drug, disease and trial information to aid efficient drug development, regulatory decisions and rational drug treatment in patients.

Drug models describe the relationship between exposure (or pharmacokinetics), response (or pharmacodynamics) for both desired and undesired effects. See also dose-response. Disease models describe the time course of disease and placebo effects. Disease and drug models are used to understand the relationship between treatment, biomarker changes and clinical outcomes. Trial models describe variations from the nominal trial protocol due to things such as patient dropout and lack of adherence to the dosing regimen.

A major focus of pharmacometrics is to understand variability in drug response. Variability may be predictable (e.g. due to differences in body weight or kidney function) or apparently unpredictable (a reflection of current lack of knowledge).

Reference: http://www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/sms/pharmacology/holford/projects/pharmacometrics.aspx