Instruments used in ophthalmology
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Instruments used specially in Ophthalmology are as follows: [1]
Contents
Instrument list
| Instrument | Uses |
|---|---|
| Spectacles (glasses) | to correct refractive errors of the eye; not invasive |
| Contact lenses | to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive |
| Phoropter | used in refraction testing |
| Tonometers | used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; vide link for various types of tonometers. |
| Speculum: | to keep the eyes open during any operation |
| Universal eye speculum | -do-; heavy instrument and can not keep eyelashes out of the operating field |
| •Guarded eye speculum (left and right) | -do-; heavy instrument but can keep eyelashes out of the operating field with its "guard" and hence left or right ones are required |
| •Wire Speculum | to keep the eyes open during any operation; light wire instrument |
| Needle holders: | holding the needle in position while applying sutures |
| •Silcock's needle holder | -do-; has a catch and is used for heavier gauge needles; used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions |
| •Arruga's needle holder | -do-; has a catch (lock) and is used for heavier gauge needles (thicker than 6-0); used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions |
| •Barraquer's needle holder | -do-; small instrument with a spring action with or without a catch used for finer gauge needles (5-0 or finer); used mainly for intraoccular incisions |
| Forceps: | to hold anything |
| •Artery forceps (haemostat) | medium sized, with a serrated tip and a catch; used to hold bleeding vessels and compress them in order to make them stop bleeding and also to hold or crush structures. |
| •Fixation forceps | has a few teeth at the tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs |
| •Plain dissecting forceps | blunt untoothed with a serrated tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs |
| •Iris forceps | fine tipped (straight or otherwise) with small teeth; to hold the iris tissue during procedures |
| •Elschnig's intracapsular forceps | fine untoothed forceps for holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery |
| •Arruga's intracapsular forceps | fine untoothed forceps holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery |
| •Colibri forceps | fine toothed forceps for holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris |
| •Saint Martin's forceps | holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris |
| •Superior rectus holding forceps | specially curved (to fit into the orbit of the eye) forceps for catching hold of the muscle bellies of the intraorbital muscles and sutures |
| •Suture tier forceps | fine limbed untoothed forceps to hold fine sutures or hairs |
| •Capsulotomy forceps | to tear the anterior capsule of the lens during cataract surgery |
| •Disc holding forceps | used in glaucoma surgery (obsolete) |
| •Capsulorhexis forceps | fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps for doing a continuous curvilinear incision and removal of the anterior capsule of the lens ("continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis - ccc") |
| •MacPherson's forceps | fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps with an angulation for holding parts of the lens, the intraocular lens, 10-0 (very fine) sutures, etc. |
| •Chalazion forceps (clamp) | self-retaining with discoid ends; used to hold and prevent a chalazion from bleeding during its surgery |
| •Epilation forceps (Cilia forceps) | stout flat-ended blunt forceps with a thickened end to remove eyelashes |
| •Entropion forceps | self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery |
| Chalazion scoop | to remove the granulation tissue from a chalazion during surgery |
| Entropion clamp | right and left varieties exist; large clamp with two limbs; self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery |
| Nettleship's punctum dilator | to dilate the lacrimal punctum of the lacrimal apparatus of the eye for syringing or operations |
| Cystitome | a 26 gauge needle bent twice used for incising the anterior capsule of the lens in lens extraction |
| Wire vectis | a loop of wire attached to a stack used to extract cataract affected lenses |
| Irrigating vectis | a small hollow instrument with a used to introduce fluid into the anterior chamber to raise its pressure to aid cataract extraction [2] |
| Canula | used to carry fluid |
| •Irrigation-aspiration two-way canula | effectively two small canulae fitted together, one to introduce fluid and the other to extract the cortical materials, blood, etc. in eye operations |
| •Lacrimal canula | small curved canula the size of a syringe needle used to introduce fluids or drugs into the nasolacrimal passage to test its patency or during surgery (dacrocystography, dacrocystectomy, dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR), etc. |
| Lang's lacrimal dissector with scoop | for blunt dissections and cleaning during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy |
| Rougine | dissection of lacrimal sac |
| Retractor | to pull and hold overlying tissue out of the operating field |
| •Muller's self retaining adjustable haemostatic retractor | -do-; self retaining haemostatic |
| •Cat's paw retractor | -do- |
| •Desmarre's lid retractor | -do-; specially for noncooperative patients and to see the fornices (see eye (anatomy)) |
| Bone punch | to fracture pieces from a thin bone in facial surgery and during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy |
| Evisceration spoon or scoop | removing all the contents of the eyeball during evisceration (complete removal of all structures within the eye in diseases like endophthalmitis |
| Lid plate | flat large instrument that has a groove and is placed between the lid and globe of the eye to provide a solid support for eyelid surgery |
| Hammer, chisel and bone gouge | bone cutting and shaping |
| Bowmen's discission needle | microsurgery of the lens capsule[3] |
| Knives | to cut structures |
| •Surgical scalpel with small blades | general purpose instrument |
| •von Graefe's cataract knife | cutting out of the anterior chamber from the inside through the limbus |
| •Tookes' knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery (SICS)" and keratoplasty |
| •Crescent knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery" |
| •Angular keratome | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"; larger one used to increase the size of the incision |
| •Side-port blade | making sclerocorneal "side port" (a secondary tunnel) tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery" |
| •Beer's knife | incise the conjunctiva or the eyelid skin |
| •Keratotome | small triangular blade with two sharp edges used to incise the limbus (sclerocorneal junction) |
| •Zeigler's knife | very tiny knife for intaoccular maneuvers specially when space is less |
| Scissors | - |
| •Conjunctival sac scissors | flat small curved scissors to cut the conjunctive |
| •Corneal spring scissors | medium spring-open used to cut the external side of the cornea, fine sutures; iris, etc. |
| •de' Wecker's iris scissors | small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade. |
| •Vannas' scissors | small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade. |
| •Enucleation scissors | thick scissors used to cut the optic nerve in enucleation operation |
| Bowman's lacrimal probe | probing the nasolacrimal duct |
| Lens expressor | used to force out the lens in extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction |
| McNamar's spoon | used to force out the lens in intracapsular cataract extraction |
| Iris repositor | two limbed instrument used to remove the iris during posterior chamber maneuvers |
| Sinsky's hook intraocular lens dialler | angulated round hook with a handle used in insertion of an intraocular lens |
| Strabismus hook | muscle hook or squint hook; sharp tip or knobbed tip; used in squint surgery |
| Foreign body spud and needle | Spud to remove superficial and needle for the deep foreign bodies in the eye |
| Elliot's trephine with handle | used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion |
| Castroveijo's calipers | various measurements are taken |
| Castroveijo's corneal trephine | used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion |
| Pin-hole | testing visual acuity |
| Red green goggles | (red - right side & green - left side) used in Worth 4 dot test, diplopia testing |
| Prisms | to diagnose squints; in other instruments; refractive correction; etc. |
| Placido's disc | to assess the condition of the corneal surface |
| Retinoscope | objective determination of refractive error and for looking inside the eye |
| Loupe | used ot search for magnified examination of the anterior segment of the eye (uniocular or binocular) |
| Jackson's cross cylinder | used to check the power and axis of a cylindrical lens |
| Maddox rod | used to test for latent squint and retinal function |
| Refraction box | has lenses of different powers for refraction testing |
| Slit lamp bimicroscope | used for examining the anteriorly placed structures the eye; vide link |
| Charts for vision | - |
| •Distant vision | to determine visual acuity of distant vision |
| ••Snellen's distant vision chart | -do-; for those who can read in English |
| ••Regional language charts | -do-; for those who can read in their local language |
| ••E Chart | -do-; for those who can not read |
| ••Landolt's broken ring chart | -do-; for those who can not read |
| ••Toys pr picture chart | -do-; for children |
| •Near vision | -do-; to determine visual acuity of near vision |
| ••Jager's chart | -do- |
| ••Printer's types of N series | -do- |
| ••Snellen's near chart (1/17th reduction of distant chart) | -do-; standard chart of alphabets; vide link |
| •Colour vision: | to test colour vision |
| ••Ishihara's chart | to determine the type of colour blondness |
| Stenopaeic slit | detection of axis of the cylindrical (astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing |
| Implants | - |
| •Intraocular lens | prosthetic lenses implanted after lens (anatomy) removal |
| •Artificial eyes | as non-functional cosmetic implants into the eye socket |
| Blade breaker | to break disposable blade after use to prevent reuse |
| Thermo-cautery | to coagulate blood vessels and prevent haemorrhage |
| Cryoprobe | to freeze and extract the lens |
| Yttrium aluminium garnet laser (YAG laser) | to correct posterior capsular opacification (specially after removal of a cataract, if required), peripheral iridotomy, retinal surgery, laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (LASEK)[4] etc. |
| Electrolysis | used for permanent hair removal |
| Electrocautery | for electrosurgery |
| Phacoemulsification | used for extraction of a cataract affected lens after emulsifying it using a high frequency (energy) ultrasound probe [5] |
Image gallery
- Briller2.JPG
Glasses
- ColorContactLens.JPG
Contact lenses
- Medical Instrument Eye Plain dissecting forceps.jpg
Plain dissecting forceps
- Medical instrument Artery forceps or Haemostat.jpg
Artery forceps or Haemostat
- Medical Instrument Mosquito forceps.jpg
Mosquito forceps
- Medical Instrument Linen holding forceps.jpg
Linen holding forceps
- Medical Instrument Bowman's lacrimal probe.jpg
Bowman's lacrimal probe
- Medical Instrument Saint Martin's forceps.jpg
Saint Martin's forceps
- Medical Instrument Eye Lens expressor.jpg
Eye Lens expressor
- Medical instrument Eye ENT Nettleship's Punctum dilator.jpg
Nettleship's punctum dilator
- Medical Instrument Eye Small scissors.jpg
Small scissors
- Medical instrument Scalpel.jpg
Scalpel with bl;age attached
- Medical Instrument Eye Conjunctival sac scissors.jpg
Conjunctival sac scissors
- Medical Instrument Eye Barraquer's needle holder.jpg
Barraquer's needle holder
- Medical Instrument Eye Lacrimal sac dialator with scoop.jpg
Lacrimal sac dilator with scoop
- Medical Instrument Eye Muller's retractor top.jpg
Muller's retractor, top view
- Medical Instrument Eye Muller's retractor bottom.jpg
Muller's retractor, bottom view
- Medical Instrument Eye Angular keratotome.jpg
Angular keratotome
- Medical Instrument Eye ENT Long dissecting forceps.jpg
Long dissecting forceps
- Medical Instrument Eye Universal eye speculum.jpg
Universal eye speculum
- Medical Instruments Ophthalmology Rougine.JPG
Rougine
- Medical instrument Eye Iris repositor.JPG
Iris repositor
- Medical instrument Eye Irrigating vectis.JPG
Irrigating vectis
- Medical instrument Eye Lacrimal dissector with scoop.JPG
Lacrimal dissector with scoop
- Medical instrument Eye Special blades.JPG
Special blades
- Medical instrument Eye von Graefe's cataract knife.JPG
von Graefe's cataract knife
- Medical Instrument Eye Foreign body spud and needle.jpg
Foreign body spud and needle
- Medical instrument Eye A 26 gauge needle bent into a cystitome.jpg
Cystitome
- Medical instrument Eye Angular keratotomes.jpg
Angular keratotomes
- Medical instrument Eye Barraquer's needle holder.jpg
Barraquer's needle holder
- Medical instrument Eye Bone punch.jpg
A bone punch
- Medical instrument Eye Callipers.jpg
Callipers
- Medical instrument Eye Corneal spring scissors.jpg
Corneal spring scissors
- Medical instrument Eye Intra occular lenses in their cases.jpg
Intraoccular lenses in their cases
- Posterior capsular opacification on retroillumination.jpg
Intraoccular lens in place
- Medical instrument Eye IOL Dialer or Sinsky hook.jpg
Intraoccular lens "dialer" or Sinsky hook
- Medical instrument Eye Irrigating aspirating biway cannula.jpg
Irrigating aspirating bi-way cannula
- Medical instrument Eye Lenses for refraction testing.jpg
Lenses used for refraction testing
- Medical instrument Eye Retinoscope.jpg
- Medical instrument Eye Suture tying forceps.jpg
Suture tying forceps for fine sutures like 8-0
- Medical instrument Eye Top Suture tying forceps Bottom Iris forceps.jpg
Upper one: Suture tying forceps; Lower one: Iris forceps; For comparison
- Medical instrument Eye TopRight Corneal spring scissors BottomLeft Vanna's scissors.jpg
Upper right: Corneal spring scissors; Lower left: Vanna's scissors; for comparison
- Medical instrument Eye Vanna's scissors.jpg
Vanna's scissors
- Medical instrument Eye Wire Speculum.jpg
Wire speculum
- Medical instrument Eye Wire vectis.jpg
Wire vectis
- Medical instrument Plain dissecting forceps.jpg
Plain dissecting forceps
- Medical instrument Thermocautery.jpg
Thermocautery
- Medical Instrument Eye Visual acuity chart E chart.jpg
A standard illuminated E chart
- Medical Instrument Eye Snellen's distant vision chart.jpg
A standard illuminated Snellen's chart for distant vision
- Medical Instrument Eye Refraction testing set of lenses.jpg
A set of lenses used in refraction testing
- Ishihara 9.png
Ishihara Plate 9
- Ishihara 23.PNG
Ishihara Plate 23
- Geraet beim Optiker.jpg
A phoropter
- Powerlite NdYAG.jpg
NdYAG Laser
- Ophhalmology instrument Lacrimal canula.jpg
Lacrimal canula
- Slit lamp.jpg
Slit lamp
- Diaton tonometty through eyelid.jpg
Goldman tonometer
- Diaton tonometer BiCOM.jpg
Hand-held tonometer
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />- ↑ Ophthalmology Oral & Practical 3rd edition, by Dr. Samar K. Basak, ISBN 81-86793-66-6
- ↑ Irrigating vectis - Patent 4479802
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ US FDA/CDRH: LASIK - Learning About LASIK
- ↑ Untitled Document
