American robotics
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Robots of the United States include simple household robots such as Roomba to sophisticated autonomous aircraft such as the MQ-9 Reaper that cost 18 million dollars per unit.[1][2] The first industrial robot, robot company, and exoskeletons as well as the first dynamically balancing, organic, and nanoscale robots originate from the United States.[3][4][5][6]
Contents
History
In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled torpedo.[7] Based on patents for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop it into a weapon system for the US Navy.[8][9]
In 1926, Westinghouse Electric Corporation created Televox, the first robot put to useful work. In the 1930s, they created a humanoid robot known as Elektro for exhibition purposes, including the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.[10][11]
Unimate was the first industrial robot,[3] which worked on a General Motors assembly line in New Jersey in 1961.[12][13] It was created by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patents. Devol, together with Joseph F. Engelberger started Unimation, the world's first robot manufacturing company.[4]
In 2008 the U.S. Air Force 174th Fighter Wing transitioned from F-16 piloted planes to MQ-9 Reaper drones, which are capable remote controlled or autonomous flight, becoming the first all-robot attack squadron.[2][14][15]
Modern robots
Domestic
- PatrolBot a configurable guide/delivery/surveillance robot
- Roomba a vacuum cleaner
- Scooba a floor washer
- Looj a rain gutter cleaner
Entertainment
Extraterrestrial
- ATHLETE lunar rover
- Mars Exploration Rover
Medical
Military (offensive/multi-role)
Aerial
Terrestrial
Military (non-offensive)
Aerial
Terrestrial
- ACER
- Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
- BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
- Crusher
- Dragon Runner
- MATILDA
Nanoscale
- New York University walking DNA robot [1]
Walker
- BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
- Anybots Dexter, the first dynamically balancing biped [16]
- Timberjack Walking Machine logger
Non-autonomous (human operated)
These machines are human operated and not autonomous. Therefore they do fit the classical description of a robot.
Exoskeleton
- Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
- Sarcos/Raytheon XOS Exoskeleton, currently the most advanced exoskeleton, research for the XOS is funded by DARPA and NIST for use in the military and to "replace the wheelchair".[17][18]
Military
Research
- Tufts University morphing chemical robot [2]
Software
- Microsoft Robotics Studio - .NET based
- VxWorks - operating system, notably used by ASIMO
American robotics companies
See also
References
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- ↑ Reminiscing on the Roomba
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Rise Of The Droids
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nof, Shimon Y. (1999). Handbook of Industrial Robotics (2nd Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–5. ISBN 0-471-17783-0.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1961: The First Robot
- ↑ A Brief History of Exoskeletons
- ↑ Smallest Robot
- ↑ Cheney, Margaret (1989). Tesla, man out of time. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 0-88029-419-1.
- ↑ US 613809
- ↑ "Tesla - Master of Lightning". PBS.org. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
- ↑ "Robot Dreams : The Strange Tale Of A Man's Quest To Rebuild His Mechanical Childhood Friend". The Cleveland Free Times. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
- ↑ Scott Schaut (2006). Robots of Westinghouse: 1924-Today. Mansfield Memorial Museum.
- ↑ 1961: Installation of the First Industrial Robot
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ MQ-9 Reaper
- ↑ Unmanned Reapers bound for Iraq, Afghanistan
- ↑ Dexter Walks
- ↑ http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=1 Building the Real Iron Man
- ↑ http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=4 Building the Real Iron Man
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