Flaccid paralysis
| Flaccid paralysis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | G81.0, G82.0, G82.3 |
| ICD-9 | 359.9 |
Flaccid paralysis (pronounced /ˈflæksɪd pəˈræləsɪs/) a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).[1]
Causes
Polio
The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.
AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogenic agents including enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses, among others.[2]
Botulism
The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be ingested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo, they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract.[3]
Other
Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neuron lesion. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis. Included in AFP's list are Poliomyelitis (Polio), Transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, enteroviral encephalopathy [4], traumatic neuritis, Reye's syndrome etc. An AFP Surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunisation in that area.
References
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- Approach to Acute Flaccid Paralysis (Diagnosis, Management etc.)
- WHO Programme for Immunization Preventable Diseases (IPD) A Collaboration between World Health Organization and Government of Nepal
- ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS information from the IPD
- National Polio Surveillance Project of India
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- Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A; et al. (2007). "Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan". BMC Infect. Dis. 7: 6. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-6. PMC 1804272 Freely accessible. PMID 17300736.
| 40x40px | Look up flaccid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- ↑ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.
- ↑ Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B (2006). "Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Australia, 1996-2004". Journal of paediatrics and child health. 42 (6): 370–6. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00875.x. PMID 16737480.
- ↑ Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
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