RML 12.5 inch 38 ton gun
| Ordnance RML 12.5 inch 38 ton gun | |
|---|---|
| 300px Gun at Fort Nelson, Portsmouth, UK | |
| Type | Naval gun Coast defence gun |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1875 - 190? |
| Used by | Royal Navy |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Royal Gun Factory |
| Designed | 1874 |
| Manufacturer | Royal Arsenal |
| Variants | Mk I, Mk II |
| Specifications | |
| Barrel length | 198 inches (5.0 m) (bore)[1] |
| | |
| Shell | 800 to 809 pounds (362.9 to 367.0 kg) Palliser, Common, Shrapnel |
| Calibre | 12.5-inch (317.5 mm) |
| Muzzle velocity | Mk I : 1,425 feet per second (434 m/s)[2] Mk II : 1,575 feet per second (480 m/s)[3] |
| Maximum range | Mk I : 6,000 yards (5,500 m) Mk II : 6,500 yards (5,900 m) |
The RML 12.5 inch guns were large rifled muzzle-loading guns designed for British battleships and were also employed for coast defence.
Contents
Design
The gun originated from a desire for a longer 12-inch gun than the existing RML 12 inch 35 ton gun. Experiments in 1874 with both 12-inch and 12.5-inch versions 3 feet longer than the existing 12-inch gun showed the 12.5 inch calibre was more suitable, and further experiments showed a projectile of 800 pounds could be fired with a charge of 130 pounds of P2 gunpowder without undue strain. The same construction as in the existing 12-inch 35-ton gun was used : a mild steel "A" tube toughened in oil, surrounded by wrought iron "B" tube, triple coil in front of the trunnion, coiled breech-piece and breech coil. This was approved in January 1875.[4]
The gun was rifled on the "Woolwich" pattern of a small number of broad shallow rounded grooves, with 9 grooves increasing from 0 to 1 turn in 35 calibres ( i.e. 1 turn in 437.5 inches).
Mark II had an enlarged powder chamber and attained higher muzzle velocity and slightly longer range.
This gun was the final development of large British rifled muzzle-loading guns before it switched to breechloaders beginning in 1880. It was succeeded in its class on new battleships by the BL 12-inch Mk II gun.
Guns were mounted on HMS Dreadnought commissioned in 1879, HMS Agamemnon commissioned in 1883, and HMS Ajax commissioned in 1885, the last British warships completed with muzzle-loading guns.
Ammunition
- 38 ton gun shell - Hurst Castle.jpg
Studded shell, at Hurst Castle, UK - RML 12.5 inch Mk I shrapnel shell diagram.jpg
Mk I studded shrapnel shell diagram
See also
- 12px Media related to RML 12.5 inch 38 ton naval gun at Wikimedia Commons
- List of naval guns
Surviving examples
- At Hurst Castle, UK
- At Fort Nelson, Portsmouth, UK
- Outside Fort Albert, Isle of Wight
- No 22 of 1876 outside Calbourne Mill, Isle of Wight, originally at Cliff End Battery
- An unpreserved gun at Fort Delimara, Malta
Notes
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- Treatise on the construction and manufacture of ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877
- Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE
External links
- Diagram of gun on small port 6 foot recoil carriage at Palmerston Forts Society website
- Diagram of gun on Casemate Platform, 6 feet recoil Mark III at Palmerston Forts Society website
- Diagram of gun on on Dwarf 'C' Pivot Mark III at Palmerston Forts Society website
- ↑ Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, page 292
- ↑ 1,425 feet/second firing 800-pound projectile with "Battering charge" of 130 pounds "P2" (gunpowder). Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, page 347.
- ↑ Muzzle velocity of 1,575 feet/second firing an 809lb 6oz projectile with a charge of 210 pounds Prism2 black powder, is quoted for Mark II gun in "Text Book of Gunnery 1887" Table XVI.
- ↑ Treatise on Construction of Service Ordnance 1877, pages 286-287
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