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...] '''5.3.5''' [[Macroeconomics]] '''5.3.6''' [[Economic planning|Economic Growth and Planning]] | || || The Earth || Professor of Geology and Chairman, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, [[California I

...through low-grade regional [[metamorphism]]. The result is a [[Foliation (geology)|foliated]] rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original ...m/books?id=6UIrAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA87&pg=RA1-PA18 Supplement to the Glossary of Geology and Related Sciences], American Geological Institute, 1960; page 18.</ref>

...in the upper [[stratum|strata]] of some areas of the [[Earth]]'s [[crust (geology)|crust]]. There is also petroleum in [[tar sands|oil sands (tar sands)]]. K ...into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons via a process known as [[catagenesis (geology)|catagenesis]].

A ''precious metal'' is a rare metallic [[chemical element]] of high [[economic]] value. ...als, iron and aluminium, are also the most abundant metals in the [[Crust (geology)#Earth's crust|Earth's crust]].<ref>Frank Kreith and Yogi Goswami, eds. (20

...ibutor to and an indicator of the [[Measures of national income and output|economic well-being of a nation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/mine {{geology-stub}}

...drilled, ground, or other) to specific sizes or shapes. Color, [[Texture (geology)|texture]] and pattern, and surface finish of the stone are also normal req ...permanently placed on adjacent land.<ref>Billings, Marland P. "Structural Geology" 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1954, pp. 124-163, 263-320, and 336-382</ref>

Iron, like most metals, is found in the [[Earth]]'s [[crust (geology)|crust]] only in the form of an ore, i.e., combined with other elements suc ...of the Eleventh Century Chinese Iron and Steel Industry|journal=Journal of Economic History|volume=26|year=966|pages=53–54|ref=harv}}</ref>

...tain both [[clay minerals]] and [[calcium carbonate]]. The burnt [[nodule (geology)|nodule]]s were ground to a fine powder. This product, made into a mortar ...le sulfate resistance increases and heat evolution diminishes. Used as an economic alternative to Portland sulfate-resisting and low-heat cements.<ref>{{cite

...rust. The rusting of iron and iron alloys is undesirable, and has a major economic impact. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron ...oecological Significance of the Banded Iron-Formation | journal = Economic Geology | volume = 68 | last1 = Cloud | pages = 1135–1143 | year = 1973 | doi = 1

...ological]] materials from the earth, usually from an [[ore]] body, [[vein (geology)|vein]] or ([[coal mining|coal]]) seam. Materials recovered by mining inclu Since the beginning of civilization, people have used [[Rock (geology)|stone]], [[ceramic]]s and, later, [[metal]]s found on or close to the [[Ea