Immunostimulant

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Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Classification

There are two main categories of immunostimulants:[citation needed]

  • Specific immunostimulants provide antigenic specificity in immune response, such as vaccines or any antigen.
  • Non-specific immunostimulants act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as adjuvants and non-specific immunostimulators.

Non-specific

Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulators. For example, female sex hormones are known to stimulate both adaptive[1] and innate immune responses.[2] Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus strike women preferentially, and their onset often coincides with puberty. Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most notably prolactin, growth hormone and vitamin D.[3][4]

Some publications point towards the effect of DCA as an immunostimulant[5][6][7] of the unspecific immune system, activating its main actors, the macrophages. According to these publications, a sufficient amount of DCA in the human body corresponds to a good immune reaction of the unspecific immune system.

See also

General

Endogenous immunostimulants

Synthetic immunostimulants

Herbal immunostimulants

References

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External links

de:Immunstimulanz

es:Inmunoestimulador fr:Adjuvant immunologique ja:免疫増強薬 pl:Immunostymulator

sr:Imunostimulant
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  2. Lang, TJ (2004). "Estrogen as an immunomodulator". Clin Immunol. 113: 224–230. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.05.011. PMID 15507385. 
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  5. Vlček B., Reif A., Seidlova B.: Evidence of the participation of deoxycholate in cancer immunity, Z.Naturforsch. 26 b, 419-424 (1971)
  6. Vlček B.: Potentiation of the immune response with DCA (czech), Prakt.Lekar 52, 326-330 (1972)
  7. Chyle M., Chyle P.: Regulation of the immune response with DCA (czech, engl. summary), Sbornik lek. 84, 212-218 (1982)