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Ipratropium - Revision history
2024-03-28T08:36:02Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Jontas: 1 revision: World Health Organization essential medicines
2010-09-27T14:49:43Z
<p>1 revision: World Health Organization essential medicines</p>
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<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:49, 27 September 2010</td>
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Jontas
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78.144.197.83: /* Side effects */ Typo fix, Irpatropium --> Ipratropium
2010-08-18T10:43:23Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Side effects: </span> Typo fix, Irpatropium --> Ipratropium</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:43, 18 August 2010</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Ipratropium''' ('''Atrovent''', '''Apovent''', '''Aerovent''') is an [[anticholinergic]] drug.<ref name="pmid138578">{{cite journal |author=Baigelman W, Chodosh S |title=Bronchodilator action of the anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000), as an aerosol in chronic bronchitis and asthma |journal=Chest |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=324–8 |year=1977 |month=March |pmid=138578 |doi= |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=138578}}</ref> It blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. This opens the bronchi, and provides relief in [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and acute [[asthma]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Ipratropium''' ('''Atrovent''', '''Apovent''', '''Aerovent''') is an [[anticholinergic]] drug.<ref name="pmid138578">{{cite journal |author=Baigelman W, Chodosh S |title=Bronchodilator action of the anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000), as an aerosol in chronic bronchitis and asthma |journal=Chest |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=324–8 |year=1977 |month=March |pmid=138578 |doi= <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10.1378/chest.71.3.324</ins>|url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=138578}}</ref> It blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. This opens the bronchi, and provides relief in [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and acute [[asthma]].  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Uses ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Uses ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l50" >Line 50:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If ipratropium is inhaled, side-effects resembling those of other [[anticholinergic]]s are minimal. However, dry mouth and sedation have been reported.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If ipratropium is inhaled, side-effects resembling those of other [[anticholinergic]]s are minimal. However, dry mouth and sedation have been reported.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Also effects such as skin flushing, tachycardia, acute angle ocular dislocure, nausea, palpitations and headache have been observed.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Also effects such as skin flushing, tachycardia, acute angle ocular dislocure, nausea, palpitations and headache have been observed.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ipratropium does not decrease mucuciliary clearance unlike other muscarininc antagonists.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
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78.144.197.83
http://ssf.f15ijp.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ipratropium&diff=8327&oldid=prev
Jontas: 1 revision
2010-07-06T13:09:19Z
<p>1 revision</p>
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<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:09, 6 July 2010</td>
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http://ssf.f15ijp.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ipratropium&diff=8326&oldid=prev
Cbdorsett: added Aerovent
2010-07-01T04:13:58Z
<p>added Aerovent</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{drugbox<br />
| verifiedrevid = 311494488<br />
| IUPAC_name = [8-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)- 8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate<br />
| image = Ipratropium.svg<br />
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}<br />
| CAS_number = 60205-81-4<br />
| ATC_prefix = R01<br />
| ATC_suffix = AX03<br />
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R03|BB01}}<br />
| PubChem = 43232<br />
| IUPHAR_ligand = 325<br />
| DrugBank = APRD00537<br />
| C=20 | H=30 | N=1 | O=3<br />
| molecular_weight = 332.457 g/mol<br />
| smiles = OCC(C(=O)OC1CC2CCC(C1)[N+]2(C)C(C)C)c1ccccc1 <br />
| bioavailability = <br />
| protein_bound = 0 to 9% in vitro<br />
| metabolism = [[Hepatic]]<br />
| elimination_half-life = 2 hours<br />
| excretion = <br />
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_US = B<br />
| pregnancy_category = <br />
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --><br />
| legal_CA = <br />
| legal_UK = POM<br />
| legal_US = <br />
| legal_status = <br />
| routes_of_administration = Inhalation<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ipratropium''' ('''Atrovent''', '''Apovent''', '''Aerovent''') is an [[anticholinergic]] drug.<ref name="pmid138578">{{cite journal |author=Baigelman W, Chodosh S |title=Bronchodilator action of the anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000), as an aerosol in chronic bronchitis and asthma |journal=Chest |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=324–8 |year=1977 |month=March |pmid=138578 |doi= |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=138578}}</ref> It blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. This opens the bronchi, and provides relief in [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and acute [[asthma]]. <br />
<br />
== Uses ==<br />
<br />
It is administered by inhalation for the treatment of [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|obstructive lung disease]]s. <br />
<br />
Ipratropium is also combined with albuterol ([[salbutamol]]) (trade names [[Combivent]] and [[Duoneb]], in [[Italy]] known as Breva) for the management of [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD) and [[asthma]]. <br />
<br />
Ipratropium is also combined with [[fenoterol]] (trade names Duovent and Berodual N) for the management of asthma.<br />
<br />
Ipratropium can reduce [[rhinorrhea]] but will not help nasal congestion.<br />
<br />
== Pharmacology ==<br />
<br />
It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, without specificity for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due to actions of cGMP on intracellular calcium, this results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle in the lung, inhibiting [[bronchoconstriction]] and [[mucus]] [[secretion]]. It is a non-selective [[muscarinic]] [[Receptor antagonist|antagonist]], and does not diffuse into the blood, which prevents systemic side-effects. Ipratropium is a derivative of [[atropine]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yamatake Y, Sasagawa S, Yanaura S, Okamiya Y |title=[Antiallergic asthma effect of ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) in dogs (author's transl)] |language=Japanese |journal=Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi |volume=73 |issue=7 |pages=785–91 |year=1977 |pmid=145994}}</ref> but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the [[blood-brain barrier]], which prevents central side-effects (anticholinergic syndrome). Ipratropium is considered a short-acting bronchodilator.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kerstjens HA, Bantje TA, Luursema PB, ''et al.'' |title=Effects of short-acting bronchodilators added to maintenance tiotropium therapy |journal=[[Chest (journal)|Chest]] |volume=132 |issue=5 |year=2007 |pages=1493–9 |pmid=17890476 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-3059}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40025112/ |title=Antimuscarinic Bronchodilators |author=Knott L |date=November 20, 2007 |publisher=EMIS |work=PatientUK |accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Side effects ==<br />
<br />
If ipratropium is inhaled, side-effects resembling those of other [[anticholinergic]]s are minimal. However, dry mouth and sedation have been reported.<br />
Also effects such as skin flushing, tachycardia, acute angle ocular dislocure, nausea, palpitations and headache have been observed.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Epinephrine]]<br />
*[[Beclometasone dipropionate]]<br />
*[[Salbutamol]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Nasal preparations}}<br />
{{Asthma and copd rx}}<br />
{{Cholinergics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bronchodilators]]<br />
[[Category:Muscarinic antagonists]]<br />
[[Category:Tropanes]]<br />
[[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]]<br />
[[Category:Carboxylate esters]]<br />
[[Category:Aromatic compounds]]<br />
[[Category:Alcohols]]<br />
[[Category:Quaternary ammonium compounds]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Ipratropiumbromid]]<br />
[[es:Ipratropio]]<br />
[[eu:Ipratropio]]<br />
[[fa:ایپراتروپیوم بروماید]]<br />
[[it:Ipratropio]]<br />
[[hu:Ipratropium]]<br />
[[pl:Bromek ipratropium]]<br />
[[pt:Ipratrópio]]<br />
[[ru:Ипратропия бромид]]<br />
[[Category:2Fix]]</div>
Cbdorsett