McKenzie method

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The McKenzie method (also MDT = Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy) is a comprehensive method of care primarily used in physical therapy. New Zealand physical therapist Robin McKenzie (born 1931) developed the method in the late 50s.[1][2] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) to the world. It is a total system encompassing assessment (evaluation), diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities. MDT categorizes patients' complaints not on an anatomical basis [3].[4][5] but uses the clinical presentation of patients to subgroup them[6]. By now the method is taught in 36 countries worldwide. MDT uses primarily self treatment strategies and pares manual therapy procedures down to the minimum. Only if an individual self treatment program is not fully effective, the McKenzie trained therapist supports the patient with passive procedures. McKenzie states that self treatment is the best way to achieve a lasting improvement of back pain and neck pain.[7].[8][9] In this context, centralization of pain during evaluation and treatment is a phenomenon of diagnostic relevance.[10][11][12][13] When centralization is present, pain in an extremity moves sequentially back to the spine. There it can be felt more intense. If pain centralizes, this is a positive prognostic sign and the detected directional preference guides further treatment.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Clinical Research demonstrates reliability of the McKenzie Evaluation.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Clinical research also shows that MDT treatment is as effective as other commonly used methods.[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The McKenzie method is commonly used worldwide in diagnosis and treatment of low back pain,[37][38][39][40][41] of neck pain [42] and peripheral joint complaints.[43][44][45][46]

References

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External links

it:Diagnosi e terapia meccanica McKenzie

pl:Metoda McKenziego
  1. ↑ McKenzie RA, Stephen May: The Cervical and Thoracic Spine. Mechanical diagnosis & therapy. Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2006
  2. ↑ McKenzie RA, Stephen May: The lumbar spine. Mechanical diagnosis & therapy. Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2003
  3. ↑ Young S, Aprill C, Laslett M; Correlation of clinical examination characteristics with three sources of chronic low back pain The Spine Journal; 3.460-465, 2003 here online
  4. ↑ Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, Spindler MF, McAuley JH, Laslett M, Bogduk N ; Systematic review of tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain Eur Spine J; 16:1539-1550, 2007
  5. ↑ Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ; The dynamic disc model: a systematic review of the literature. Phys Ther Rev; 14.181-295, 2009 here online
  6. ↑ Werneke MW, Hart DL.; Categorizing patients with occupational low back pain by use of the Quebec Task Force Classification system versus pain pattern classification procedures: discriminant and predictive validity Phys Ther; Mar;84(3):243-54, 2004 here online
  7. ↑ Udermann BE, Spratt KF, Donelson RG, Mayer J, Graves JE, Tillotson J; Can a patient educational book change behavior and reduce pain in chronic back pain patients? Spine J; 4.425-435, 2004 here online
  8. ↑ May S,Donelson R: Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with the McKenzie method. The Spine Journal 2008,8,134–141
  9. ↑ May S, Gardiner E, Young S, Klaber-Moffett J ; Predictor variables for a positive long-term functional outcome in patients with acute and chronic neck and back pain treated with a McKenzie approach: a secondary analysis. J Manual Manip Ther; 16.155-160, 2008
  10. ↑ Werneke MW, Hart DL, George SZ, Stratford PW, Matheson JW, Reyes A ; Clinical outcomes for patients classified by fear-avoidance beliefs and centralization phenomenon Arch Phys Med Rehab; 90:768-777, 2009, here online
  11. ↑ Werneke MW et al.: Centralization: Prevalence and Effect on Treatment Outcomes Using a Standardized Operational Definition and Measurement Method. JOSPT, 38,3,2008, 116 -125 here online
  12. ↑ Laslett M, Oberg B, Aprill CN, McDonald B ; Centralization as a predictor of provocation discography results in chronic low back pain, and the influence of disability and distress on diagnostic power. Spine J; 5:370-380, 2005 here online
  13. ↑ Aina A, May S. The centralization phenomenon of spinal symptoms — a systematic review. Manual Therapy, 134–143, 2004
  14. ↑ Skytte L, May S, Petersen P; Centralization: Its prognostic value in patients with referred symptoms and sciatica Spine; 30:E293-E299, 2005 here online
  15. ↑ George SZ, Bialosky JE, Donald DA ; The centralization phenomenon and fear-avoidance beliefs as prognostic factors for acute low back pain: a preliminary investigation involving patients classified for specific exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; 35:580-588, 2005
  16. ↑ Werneke M, Hart DL.; Centralization phenomenon as a prognostic factor for chronic low back pain and disability. Spine; Apr 1;26(7):758-65 , 2001
  17. ↑ Werneke M, Hart DL, Cook D; A descriptive study of the centralization phenomenon. A prospective analysis. Spine; Apr 1;24(7):676-83, 1999
  18. ↑ Donelson R, Aprill C, Medcalf R, Grant W.; A prospective study of centralization of lumbar and referred pain. A predictor of symptomatic discs and anular competence. Spine; May 15;22(10):1115-22, 1997
  19. ↑ Karas, R.; McIntosh, G.; Hall, H.; Wilson, L.; Melles, T.; The Relationship Between Nonorganic Signs and Centralization of Symptoms in the Prediction of Return to Work for Patients With Low Back Pain Phys Ther; 77:354-360, 1997 pdf
  20. ↑ Long A; The centralization phenomenon: its usefulness as a predictor of outcome in conservative treatment of chronic low back pain (a pilot study) Spine; 20(23):2513-2521, 1995
  21. ↑ May S, Ross J The McKenzie Classification System in the Extremities: A Reliability Study Using McKenzie Assessment Forms and Experiences Clinicians. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Vol.32,7, 2009 here online
  22. ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; Reliability of McKenzie classification of patients with cervical and lumbar pain J Manipulative Physiol Ther; Feb;28(2):122-7, 2005
  23. ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; Reliability of the McKenzie spinal pain classification using patient assessment forms. Physiotherapy; 90:114-119, 2004 here online
  24. ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG.; Reliability of detection of lumbar lateral shift. J Manipulative Physiol Ther; Oct;26(8):476-80, 2003 here online
  25. ↑ Kilpikoski S, Airaksinen O, Kankaanpaa M, Leminen P, Videman T, Alen M.; Interexaminer reliability of low back pain assessment using the McKenzie method. Spine; Apr 15;27(8):E207-14, 2002
  26. ↑ Chorti AG, Chortis AG, Strimpakos N, McCarthy CJ, Lamb SE; The prognostic value of symptom responses in the conservative management of spinal pain. A systematic review. Spine; 34:2686-2699, 2009
  27. ↑ Razmjou H, Kramer JF, Yamada R; Intertester reliability of the McKenzie evaluation in assessing patients with mechanical low-back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; Jul;30(7):368-383, 2000 here online
  28. ↑ Luciana AC Machado, Chris G Maher, Rob D Herbert, Helen Clare and James H McAuley. The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to first-line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 8:10, doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-10, 2010 here online
  29. ↑ Audrey Long et al.: Specific Directional Exercises for Patients with Low Back Pain: A Case Series. Physiotherapy Canada 2008, Volume 60, Number 4 here online
  30. ↑ Manca A, Dumville JC, Torgerson DJ, Klaber Moffett JA, Mooney MP, Jackson DA, Eaton S ; Randomized trial of two physiotherapy interventions for primary care back and neck pain patients: cost-effectiveness analysis. Rheumatology; 46:1495-15010, 2007 pdf
  31. ↑ Schenk R, Jozefczyk, Kopf A ; A randomised trial comparing interventions in patients with lumbar posterior derangement. J Man & Manip Ther; 11:95-102, 2003
  32. ↑ Machado LAC, de Souza MvS, Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML ; The McKenzie Method for low back pain. A systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis approach Spine; 31:E254-E262, 2006
  33. ↑ Long A, Donelson R, Fung T.: Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine 2004; 29, 2593-2602 here online
  34. ↑ Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG; A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain. Aust J Physiother; 50(4):209-16, 2004
  35. ↑ Petersen T, Kryger P, Ekdahl C, Olsen S, Jacobsen S.; The effect of McKenzie therapy as compared with that of intensive strengthening training for the treatment of patients with subacute or chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Spine; Aug 15;27(16):1702-9, 2002 here online
  36. ↑ Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battie M, Street J, Barlow W.; A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med; Oct 8;339(15):1021-9, 1998 PDF
  37. ↑ Spoto MM, Collins J; Physiotherapy diagnosis in clinical practice: a survey of orthopaedic certified specialists. Physio Res Int; 13.31-41, 2008 here online
  38. ↑ Horton SJ, Franz A ; Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy approach to assessment and treatment of derangement of the sacro-iliac joint. Manual Therapy; 12:126-132, 2007
  39. ↑ Miller ER, Schenk RJ, Karnes JL, Rousselle JG ; A comparison of the McKenzie approach to a specific spine stabilization program for chronic low back pain J Man & Manip Ther; 13:103-112, 2005
  40. ↑ COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. EUROPEAN GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN IN PRIMARY CARE. , 2005, S. 22, pdf
  41. ↑ Schrupp RJ,Honoring Our "Giants", Advance for Physical Therapy & Rehab Medicine, Vol. 15, Issue 14, Page 61, 2004
  42. ↑ Schenk R et al.: Inclusion of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Case Report. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 2008, Vol. 16 No. 1, E2–E8
  43. ↑ McKenzie RA, May S: The Human Extremities. Mechanical diagnosis & therapy. Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd 2000
  44. ↑ Kaneko S, Takasaki H, May S; Application of mechanical diagnosis and therapy to a patient diagnosed with de Quervain’s disease: a case study. J Hand Ther; 22:278-284, 2009 here online
  45. ↑ May S, Ross J The McKenzie Classification System in the Extremities: A Reliability Study Using McKenzie Assessment Forms and Experiences Clinicians. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Vol.32,7, 2009 here online
  46. ↑ Aina A, MAy S. A shoulder derangement. Manual Therapy, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 159-163
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