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...whereas higher concentrations will also affect other modalities of neuron signaling.

...helial cells: involvement of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 1;172(11):7069-77. PMID: 15153529</ref>.

...n the cell and also the release of mature viral particles from an infected cell. Though this mode of action is common to all protease inhibitors, the prec ...nd in vivo in conjunction with blockade of androgen receptor STAT3 and AKT signaling.|journal= Cancer Science |volume=96|pages=425–433|year=2005|doi=10.1111/j

...I/> Metformin is distributed to (and appears to accumulate in) [[red blood cell]]s, with a much longer elimination half-life: 17.6 hours<ref name=PI/> (rep ...ie DG |title=AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling |journal=Circ Res |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=328–41 |year=2007 |pmid=173

...frontal cortex. Its motor functions are linked to a separate pathway, with cell bodies in the substantia nigra that manufacture and release dopamine into t ...> Dopamine has been shown to be involved in the control of movements, the signaling of error in prediction of reward, motivation, and cognition. Cerebral dopam

*pain in [[sickle cell crisis]] ...stimulates angiogenesis by activating proangiogenic and survival-promoting signaling and promotes breast tumor growth |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=62 |issue=15

...oprocess applications, pluronic is also used in cell culture media for its cell cushioning effects because its addition leads to less stressful shear condi The poloxamers have also been shown to; enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, and decrease anti apoptoic defence in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/g

...ich a group of [[cell (biology)|cells]] display ''uncontrolled growth'' ([[cell division|division]] beyond the normal limits), ''invasion'' (intrusion on a ...tions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the [[cell cycle]], orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with prot

...ts. The pigment does not degrade in the light and has a strong color. The signaling effect of yellow was used for school buses in the United States and for Pos ...n vitro studies indicated that high concentrations of chromium(III) in the cell can lead to DNA damage.<ref name="Eastmond">{{cite journal

...hor=Yu J, Astrinidis A, Howard S, and Henske E | journal=Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol | year=2004 | volume=286 | pages=L694–L700 | issue= 4| doi=10

...89–386 |pmid=3302583 |doi=10.1016/0098-2997(87)90002-1 }}</ref> for that cell. ...triphosphate), or participate in [[Cell signaling|signaling]]. Outside the cell, phosphate may be dissolved in [[extracellular fluid]] (ECF) or form struct

...of cells arose, and after much work two cell types with some strong [[stem cell]] properties were isolated and defined - CMP, the [[common myeloid progenit ...vision and differentiation from cells such as common lymphoid [[Progenitor cell|progenitors]] (CLPs) in mice. Were this system to fail, the body would be l

...onse to both decreased intra-renal blood pressure at the [[juxtaglomerular cell]]s, or decreased delivery of Na+ and Cl- to the [[macula densa]]. If more N ...ensin system is activated in the cardiac myocyte, which stimulates cardiac cell growth through Protein Kinase C. The same system can be activated in smooth

...accessdate = February 5, 2010}}</ref> Rather, they may affect cell-to-cell signaling, [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] sensitivity, inflammatory [[enzyme]] ...ssibly associated with [[ion transport]] systems and so may affect [[redox signaling]].

...by binding to the pores of [[sodium channel]] proteins in [[nerve cell]] [[cell membrane|membranes]].

...heir physiological and behavioral effects via nonspecific interaction with cell membranes, instead of interacting with specific membrane-bound [[Receptor ( ...ids differ in numerous ways from them. For instance, they use [[retrograde signaling]]. Furthermore, endocannabinoids are lipophilic molecules that are not very

...' 157</ref>. It activates p42 and p44 [[MAP kinase]] via receptor-mediated signaling.<ref>M. Bouaboula ''et al. Biochem. J.'' 1995 '''312''' 637</ref> [[File:Pancreatic stellate cell cropped.png|thumb|left|[[Pancreatic stellate cell]]s. The cells in the lower frame are under the action of WIN 55,212-2. They

...et al. "Supersensitivity to anandamide and enhanced endogenous cannabinoid signaling in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 ...[myelin basic protein]], endoplasmic proteins, cytochrome oxidase, and two cell adhesion molecules: [[NCAM]], and [[SC1]]; decreases in expression were see

...GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activtion. ''The FASEB Journal''. 2009;23:183-193. PMID 18757503</

...otransmission. Thus, this form of neurotransmission is termed [[retrograde signaling|retrograde transmission]], as the signal is carried in the opposite directi ...e as food enters the stomach. After chyme is passed into the [[duodenum]], signaling [[hormone]]s such as [[cholecystokinin]] and [[leptin]] are released, causi

...ell, while proteomics can offer a glimpse into structures smaller than the cell because of its specific nature to each moment in time. ...ay be the result. With more and more neurons affected along this chain of cell death, permanent loss of sensory or motor function may be the result. By i

...by preventing the associated neuron from initiating [[apoptosis|programmed cell death]] - thus allowing the neurons to survive. Neurotrophins also induce d ...[[hippocampus]]) retain the ability to grow new neurons from neural [[stem cell]]s{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}; a process known as [[neurogenesis]

...el dimer of the human amyloid precursor protein E2 domain | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–53 | year = 2004 | month = August ...nc in Alzheimer's Disease | journal = Cell | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.014 }}</ref> APP is best known and most commonly studied as the pre

{{Cell signaling}}

...FLs), and (3) neuropoietic cytokines [1]. Each family has its own distinct signaling family though the cellular responses elicited often do overlap [1].

...) HCN channels: structure, cellular regulation and physiological function. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Feb;66(3):470-94. Review</ref><ref>Baruscotti, M., Bucch ...er identical or non-identical subunits that are integrally embedded in the cell membrane to create an ion-conducting pore. <ref>[http://www.receptors.org/K

...transduction starts with a signal to a receptor, and ends with a change in cell function. ...bsp; Some chemical messengers, such as testosterone, can pass through the cell membrane, and bind directly to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

...NGF]] from axon tip to soma is thought to be involved in the long-distance signaling of neurons. ...phosphate molecules on certain tyrosines in the cell, activating cellular signaling). There are other related Trk receptors, [[TrkB]] and [[TrkC]]. Also, there

...uces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in vivo in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |journal=Neoplasia |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=192–9 |year=2007 | Sulindac Inhibits Canonical Wnt Signaling by Blocking the PDZ Domain of the Protein Dishevelled.

...J | title = Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks | journal = Plant Cell | volume = 14 Suppl | issue = | pages = S131–51 | year = 2002| pmid = 120 * Stimulates stem and cell broadening and lateral branch growth also outside of seedling stage