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• Phosphate homeostasis
  ...89–386 |pmid=3302583 |doi=10.1016/0098-2997(87)90002-1 }}</ref> for that cell. ...triphosphate), or participate in [[Cell signaling|signaling]]. Outside the cell, phosphate may be dissolved in [[extracellular fluid]] (ECF) or form struct
  63 KB (9,050 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Peyer's patch
  ...he mucosal surface is exposed to invasive microorganisms released from the blood, so Immunoglobulin A ([[IgA]]) is the first line of defense. ...en]]s entering the intestinal tract encounter [[macrophages]], [[dendritic cell]]s, [[B-cells|B-lymphocytes]], and [[T-lymphocytes]] found in Peyer's patch
  4 KB (471 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Lymphatic System Assessment
  *collect and return fluid and plasma protein to the blood which will help maintain fluid balance *absorb lipids from the intestinal tract and transport them to the blood
  14 KB (2,113 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Lymph capillary
  ...purpose of these vessels is to drain excess tissue fluids from around the cell ready to be filtered and returned to the [[venous]] circulation. This tissu Lymphatic capillaries are slightly larger in diameter than blood [[capillaries]] and have a unique structure that permits [[interstitial flu
  3 KB (372 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Lymph node
  ...nodes are garrisons of [[B cell|B]], [[T cell|T]], and other [[White blood cell|immune cells]]. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filt ...ction. During an infection, the lymph nodes can expand due to intense [[B-cell]] proliferation in the germinal centers, a condition commonly referred to a
  16 KB (2,396 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Bone marrow
  ...terior of [[bone]]s. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new [[blood cell]]s. It constitutes 4%<ref name=T4> Semester 4 medical lectures at Uppsala U ...od cell]]s arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries.
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• Spleen
  ..., upon moving to injured tissue (such as the heart), turn into [[dendritic cell]]s and [[macrophage]]s while promoting tissue healing.<ref name="Swirski">S ...in, and from, the [[dorsal mesentery]]. However, it still shares the same blood supply &mdash; the [[celiac trunk]] &mdash; as the [[foregut]] organs.
  17 KB (2,377 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Lymphopoiesis
  ...generation of [[lymphocyte]]s, one of the five different types of [[white blood cells]] (WBC), and is also more formally called [[lymphoid]] [[hematopoiesi ...nsidered to be of the [[lymphoid]] lineage as opposed to other lineages of blood cells such as the [[myeloid]] lineage and the [[erythroid]] lineage.
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  ...] and [[oncology]], most often performed for people with diseases of the [[blood]], [[bone marrow]], or certain [[cancer]]. ...name="Cutler">{{cite journal |author=Cutler C, Antin JH |title=Peripheral blood stem cells for allogeneic transplantation: a review |journal=[[Stem Cells]]
  41 KB (5,684 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Vascular smooth muscle
  ...[smooth muscle]] found within, and composing the majority of the wall of [[blood vessel]]s. ...tion of vascular smooth [[muscle tonus]] is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive [[vasoconstriction]] leads to [[hypertension
  4 KB (540 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Euler–Liljestrand mechanism
  ...[[shunt]] is an adaptive mechanism that is beneficial, because it causes [[blood]] to pass the lung without being [[oxygenation|oxygenated]]. The mechanism ...reticulum]]. The rise of calcium concentration causes contraction of the blood vessels smooth muscle fibers and the resulting [[vasoconstriction]]. [[Hist
  2 KB (237 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Carotid body
  ...= Section of part of human glomus caroticum. Highly magnified. Numerous blood vessels are seen in section among the gland cells. | The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of [[oxygen]], but also of
  10 KB (1,411 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Aortic body
  ...ceptors responsible for sensing changes in blood gases are called [[glomus cell]]s. ...of the [[vagus nerve]] (X). The medulla, in turn, regulates breathing and blood pressure.
  2 KB (250 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Venous ulcer
  ...exists, arteries no longer have significantly higher pressure than veins, blood is not pumped as effectively into or out of the area,<ref name="pmid1522349 ...schemic tissue is never fully reperfused.<ref name="Clark2005"/> Allowing blood to flow back into the limb, for example by elevating it, is necessary but a
  11 KB (1,516 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Vascular resistance
  ...e [[total peripheral resistance]]. [[Vasoconstriction]] (i.e., decrease in blood vessel diameter) increases SVR, whereas [[vasodilation]] (increase in diame ...ove equation is the pressure difference between the input to the pulmonary blood circuit (where the heart's right ventricle connects to the pulmonary trunk)
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• Syntitium
  A '''syntitium''' is a cytoplasmic region containing [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]]. The best example is the myoskeletal cells. ...irculatory system|cardiovascular]] system in order to make sure that the [[blood]] is able to get to the places needed (the cardiomuscles having intercalate
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• Intussusception (blood vessel growth)
  ...tting of an existing blood vessel in two. It is one of the three ways that blood vessels are known to be formed in the human body, the other two being [[ang ...illaries]] without a corresponding increase in the number of [[endothelial cell]]s. This is especially important in embryonic development as there are not
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• Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor
  ...r [[smooth muscle cells]], causing these cells to relax, thus allowing the blood vessel to expand in diameter. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Luksha L, Agewall ...'''organ blood flow''', '''[[peripheral vascular resistance]]''' and '''[[blood pressure]]''', and particularly when production of NO is compromised. Moreo
  13 KB (1,758 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Foam cell
  ...on|oxidized]] by [[reactive oxygen species]] produced by the [[endothelial cell]]s. Foam cells can also be known as fatty like streaks and typically line t ...'' in the vascular [[wiktionary:Papillae|papillae]] of ''papillary [[renal cell carcinoma]]''. [[H&E stain]].
  2 KB (250 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Vascular permeability
  ...ngle layer of [[endothelial]] cells. The gaps between endothelial cells ([[cell junction]]s) are strictly regulated depending on the type and physiological
  1 KB (168 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Foramen ovale (heart)
  ...tion = Sketch showing foramen ovale in a fetal heart. Red arrow shows blood from the inferior caval vein. HF: right atrium, VF: left atrium. HH og VH: ...al cardiac shunts, the other being the [[ductus arteriosus]] (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the [[pulmonary circula
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• Angiotensin
  ...s sodium retention in the distal nephron, in the kidney, which also drives blood pressure up. ...gopeptide]] in the [[blood]] that causes [[vasoconstriction]], increased [[blood pressure]], and release of [[aldosterone]] from the [[adrenal cortex]]. It
  14 KB (1,818 words) - 21:27, 21 September 2010
• Vasculogenesis
  ...sel]] formation occurring by a ''[[de novo]]'' production of [[endothelial cell]]s.<ref name="Penn2008">{{cite book|author=John S. Penn|title=Retinal and C ...can also occur in the adult organism. Circulating [[endothelial progenitor cell]]s (derivatives of stem cells) were identified and, as it was seen, able to
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• Anastomosis
  ...s is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in [[medicine]], [[biology]], [[myc [[File:Gray1083.png|thumb|right|A network of blood vessels]]
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• Basement membrane
  ...ncluding skin, or the [[endothelium]], which lines the interior surface of blood vessels. ...ity with laminin A chain, low density lipoprotein-receptor, and the neural cell adhesion molecule]; ''J. Biol. Chem.'', Vol. 266, Issue 34, 22939-22947, 12
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• High endothelial venules
  ...nd in regular [[venules]]. HEVs enable [[lymphocytes]] circulating in the blood to directly enter a lymph node (by crossing through the HEV).<ref name=Kuby ...can the APC for foreign antigens. When they encounter such an antigen, the cell becomes activated, resulting in the immune system mounting a response again
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• Venule
  ...deoxygenated [[blood]] to return from the [[capillary]] beds to the larger blood vessels called [[vein]]s. Venules range from 8 to 100μm in diameter and ar Venules are blood vessels that drain blood directly from the capillary beds. Many venules unite to form a vein.
  2 KB (238 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Endothelium
  {{dablink|This article is about the lining of [[blood vessel]]s. For the endothelium of the [[cornea]], see [[corneal endothelium ...e smallest [[capillary]]. These cells reduce [[turbulence]] of the flow of blood allowing the fluid to be pumped farther.
  6 KB (830 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Heart development
  The cell fates of the heart chambers are characterized before heart looping but cann ...ng and function of the valves is critical for chamber formation and proper blood flow. The [[endocardial cushion]] serves as a makeshift valve until then.
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• Vasoconstriction
  ...tance]]. [[Skin|Cutaneously]], this makes the skin turn paler because less blood reaches the surface, preventing the radiation of heat. On a larger level, v ...but it may also occur in specific tissues causing a localized reduction in blood flow. The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on t
  11 KB (1,498 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Vasodilation
  ...ion of arterial blood vessels (mainly arterioles) leads to a decrease in [[blood pressure]]. The response may be intrinsic (due to local processes in the su ...rise in the mean arterial pressure. Vasodilation works to decrease TPR and blood pressure through relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the [[tunica media]]
  13 KB (1,665 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Pulmonary artery pressure
  '''Pulmonary artery pressure''' ('''PA pressure''') is a measure of the [[blood pressure]] found in the [[pulmonary artery]]. ...isk factors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease |journal=Pediatrics |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=777–82 |year=2008
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• Vasomotion
  '''Vasomotion''' is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of [[blood vessel]]s, independent of [[Cardiac cycle|heart beat]], [[nerve|innervation ...r VA, Lederer WJ, Nelson MT. Calcium sparks in smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000; 278: C235-256.</ref> To allow vasomotion to occur, synchroni
  5 KB (673 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Ischemia
  ...ood]]) is a restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the [[blood vessel]]s, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue. It may also be ...ive shortage means the mismatch of blood supply (oxygen/fuel delivery) and blood request for adequate metabolism of tissue. Ischemia results in tissue damag
  8 KB (1,062 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Capillary
  ...come venules and then widen more and connect to become veins, which return blood to the heart.]] ...nd many other [[nutrient]] and [[waste]] [[chemical]] substances between [[blood]] and surrounding [[tissue (biology)|tissue]]s.<ref>{{cite book
  10 KB (1,408 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Double circulatory system
  ...pg|thumb|150px|Right|Double Circulatory System]] In the first circuit, the blood is pumped to the lungs, where it acquires oxygen. It then returns to the he The '''double circulatory system''' of blood flow references two distinct and separate systems. This distinction is shar
  4 KB (680 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Fatty streak
  '''Fatty streak''', though composed of macrophage white blood cells, not fat, is the term generally given to the earliest stages of [[ath ...eir cytoplasm. Since cholesterol within cells resides primarily within the cell membranes, the large accumulation of membranes results in an elevated local
  2 KB (307 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Cardiac muscle
  ...eart. Cardiac muscle cells, like all tissues in the body, rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as ...ylation]], numerous [[myoglobin]]s ([[oxygen]]-storing pigment) and a good blood supply, which provides nutrients and oxygen. The heart is so tuned to aerob
  12 KB (1,684 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Blood vessel
  ...hemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the [[vein]]s, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. as well as nutrient capillaries ([[vasa vasorum]]) in the larger blood vessels.
  8 KB (1,132 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Systole (medicine)
  ...fluid pressure is then generated within the chambers of the heart driving blood flow out of the heart to the body and the lungs. ...a human heart undergo systole and [[diastole]] in a timed fashion so that blood is propelled forward and backward through the cardiovascular system.
  10 KB (1,375 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Artery
  ...red [[blood vessel]]s that carry blood '''away from the [[heart]]'''. This blood is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the [[lung|pulmonary]] and [[Um ...ch carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, all arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues that require oxygen.<ref>{{cite book
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• Portopulmonary hypertension
  In [[portal hypertension]], blood will shunt from portal to systemic circulation, bypassing the liver. This l ...999;91:1090-121</ref> and improves oxygenation by redistributing pulmonary blood flow to ventilated areas of lung.<ref>Lowson. Inhaled alternative to nitrou
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• Cannabidiol
  ...[[inflammation]], [[anxiety]], and [[nausea]], as well as inhibit [[cancer cell]] growth<ref name="recentadvances">{{cite journal ...do Filho Busatto |title= Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=29 |issue= 2|pages=417–4
  17 KB (2,198 words) - 22:07, 21 September 2010
• Endocannabinoid system
  ...[myelin basic protein]], endoplasmic proteins, cytochrome oxidase, and two cell adhesion molecules: [[NCAM]], and [[SC1]]; decreases in expression were see ...oids produced is inversely correlated with the amount of [[leptin]] in the blood<ref>{{cite journal |author=Di Marzo V, Sepe N, De Petrocellis L, ''et al.''
  23 KB (3,059 words) - 22:08, 21 September 2010
• Abnormal cannabidiol
  ...kie K, Stella N. Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration. ''Journal of Neuroscience''. 2003 Feb 15;23(4):1398-405. PMID 12
  7 KB (956 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
  ...Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo |journal=On | title = Cannabinoid CB2 receptor: A new target for controlling neural cell survival?
  50 KB (6,686 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Cannabis
  ...iated DNA sequence in a dioecious plant, ''Cannabis sativa'' L.] ''Plant & Cell Physiology'' '''36'''(8): 1549-1554. Retrieved on 25 February 2007</ref><re ...and J. A. Banks. 2004. Sex-determining mechanisms in land plants. ''Plant Cell'' '''16''' (suppl.): S61-71.</ref> Many researchers have suggested that sex
  76 KB (10,798 words) - 22:10, 21 September 2010
• Cannabis (drug)
  ...rm physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate, lowered blood pressure, impairment of short-term [[episodic memory]], working memory, [[M ...ation-based case-control study of marijuana use and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |journal=Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=759
  72 KB (10,341 words) - 22:11, 21 September 2010
• Excitotoxicity
  ...Keller BU |title=Impairment of mitochondrial calcium handling in a mtSOD1 cell culture model of motoneuron disease |journal=[[BMC Neurosci]] |volume=10 |i ...on to damage cell structures such as components of the [[cytoskeleton]], [[cell membrane|membrane]], and DNA.
  11 KB (1,547 words) - 22:11, 21 September 2010
• SK3
  ...1 adrenergic receptor]]s to inhibit K_Ca2.3 activity, increasing cell excitability.<ref name="pmid12659870">{{cite journal | author = Jacobson D, ...resistance arteries, producing an increase in peripheral resistance and [[blood pressure]].
  14 KB (1,907 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• HCN channel
  ...) HCN channels: structure, cellular regulation and physiological function. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Feb;66(3):470-94. Review</ref><ref>Baruscotti, M., Bucch ...er identical or non-identical subunits that are integrally embedded in the cell membrane to create an ion-conducting pore. <ref>[http://www.receptors.org/K
  8 KB (1,157 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• Neurochemical
  ..., transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary and released into the blood stream by which it reaches target tissues such as the [[mammary gland]]s ([ ...ABA. Glutamate is excitatory, meaning that the release of glutamate by one cell usually causes adjacent cells to fire an [[action potential]]. (Note: Gluta
  3 KB (396 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• Signal transduction
  ...transduction starts with a signal to a receptor, and ends with a change in cell function. ...bsp; Some chemical messengers, such as testosterone, can pass through the cell membrane, and bind directly to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
  55 KB (7,677 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• Methadone
  ...agonist|antagonist]] in rat receptors, expressed in human embryonic kidney cell lines.<ref name="urlBlockade of Rat α3β4 Nicotinic Receptor Function by M ...nt symptom alleviation while avoiding excessive peaks and troughs in their blood concentrations and associated effects.<ref name="EapI"/> This can also allo
  61 KB (8,865 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
• Phenylbutazone
  ...uch severe [[adverse effect|side effect]]s as suppression of [[white blood cell]] production and [[aplastic anemia]]. ...s receiving chronic phenylbutazone therapy should be followed with regular blood work and renal monitoring.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wedgewoodpharmacy
  11 KB (1,459 words) - 22:15, 21 September 2010
• Diclofenac
  ...nels (diclofenac opens these channels, leading to hyperpolarization of the cell membrane){{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Diclofenac has been found to increase the blood pressure in patients with [[Shy-Drager syndrome]] and [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
  28 KB (3,886 words) - 22:16, 21 September 2010
• Sulindac
  ...n reabsorbed from the intestine. This is thought to help maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects. Some studies have shown ...uces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in vivo in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |journal=Neoplasia |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=192–9 |year=2007 |
  5 KB (722 words) - 22:16, 21 September 2010
• Ketoprofen
  ...ssues without significantly increasing levels of drug concentration in the blood when compared to the traditional oral administration.<ref name=Sekiya/><ref ...<ref>Forney, Barbara C, MS, VMD. ''Equine Medications'', Revised Edition. Blood Horse Publications. Lexington, KY. Copyright 2007.</ref> It is also used as
  11 KB (1,457 words) - 22:16, 21 September 2010
• COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator
  ...safety, most likely via [[vasorelaxation]], inhibition of [[leukocyte]] [[cell adhesion|adhesion]] and inhibition of [[caspases]], all known effects of NO ...ts|vascular safety concerns]]. In addition, traditional NSAIDs increase [[blood pressure]] and interfere with the actions of [[antihypertensive]] drugs. Se
  3 KB (414 words) - 22:17, 21 September 2010
• COX-2 inhibitor
  ...The mean increases in [[Systole (medicine)|systolic]] and [[diastolic]] [[blood pressure]] in the Vioxx group were 4.6 mmHg and 1.7 mmHg respectively, comp ...nt implications, since it has been estimated that every 2 mmHg increase in blood pressure raises the risk of [[stroke]] by two thirds and the risk of [[myoc
  30 KB (4,194 words) - 22:17, 21 September 2010
• Ethylene
  ...J | title = Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks | journal = Plant Cell | volume = 14 Suppl | issue = | pages = S131–51 | year = 2002| pmid = 120 |title=BLOOD CHANGES UNDER ETHYLENE ANESTHESIA
  32 KB (4,462 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
• Xenon
  ...>Xe it can persist from several [[second]]s for xenon atoms dissolved in [[blood]]<ref>{{ |title = On the oxygenation-dependent ¹²⁹Xe ''T''₁ in blood
  82 KB (11,842 words) - 21:02, 24 September 2010
• Ken Alibek
  ...inia Virus]]'' that confirmed that HIV virus is growing much slower in the blood of people vaccinated againt smallpox. Ken Alibek is one of the authors of t ...Alibek, et al. (2004), "Systemic cytokine response in murine anthrax", ''[[Cell Microbiol]]'' Mar;6(3):225-33; PMID: 14764106.
  32 KB (4,653 words) - 17:22, 27 September 2010
• Bruce Edwards Ivins
  ...sponse of [[Peritoneum|peritoneal]] [[macrophage]]s, a type of white blood cell, to infection by ''[[Chlamydia psittaci]]'', an infectious bacterium that c ...ssing his belief that [[Jews]] were God's chosen people, Ivins stated, "By blood and faith, Jews are God's chosen, and have no need for 'dialogue' with any
  46 KB (6,888 words) - 17:23, 27 September 2010
• Zacarias Moussaoui
  ...ing the courtroom, he was reported to have shouted, "You will never get my blood. God curse you all!"<ref>Hirschkorn, Phil. [http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/ ...ay 13, 2006, a group of U.S. marshals ordered Moussaoui out of his holding cell in [[Alexandria Virginia|Alexandria]], [[Virginia]] and flew him, via [[Jus
  43 KB (6,441 words) - 17:30, 27 September 2010
• Anthrax
  ...anthrax to humans, either by direct contact (e.g. inoculation of infected blood to broken skin) or consumption of a diseased animal's flesh. |title=Army harvested victims' blood to boost anthrax
  53 KB (7,798 words) - 17:33, 27 September 2010
• Infant formula
  ...because a large amount of iron (~80%) will be used to expand the red blood cell mass in a growing infant. Infants with birth weights between 1500 and 2500g ...n enzyme that is responsible for protecting the body by damaging bacterial cell walls. [[Lactoferrin]] is a globular, multifunctional protein that has anti
  68 KB (9,753 words) - 19:37, 13 October 2010
• Margarine
  Fat is an essential part of nutrition as it is needed in the production of cell membranes and several hormone-like compounds called [[eicosanoid]]s. In add ...decrease LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL cholesterol levels in the blood, thus reducing the risk of contracting cardiovascular diseases.<ref>
  39 KB (5,789 words) - 19:39, 13 October 2010

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