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| routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[subcutaneous]], [[topical]] ...ythmic]] drug. Lidocaine is used [[topical]]ly to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local

...methylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes |journal=Drug Metabolism and Disposition |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=853–8 |year=2002 |month=July |pmid | routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[Intramuscular injection|IM]], [[Insufflation (medicine)|Insufflate]

...|author=Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ |title=Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section |journal=Anes ...Health Organization]]'s "[[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|Essential Drugs List]]", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic healthcare sy

...Cl]]. It has many uses in a range of different fields, such as [[biology]] and [[chemistry]]. At room temperature it appears as a solid, odorless, dark gr ...hydroxide]]. Upon shaking the bottle, [[oxygen]] oxidizes methylene blue, and the solution turns blue. The dextrose will gradually reduce the methylene b

...setting. It is also used in the treatment of [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] and has been investigated for other diseases where [[insulin resistance]] may b ...he only anti-diabetic drug that has been conclusively shown to prevent the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. {{As of|2009}}, metformin is one of only two ora

| bioavailability = Rapidly and completely absorbed ...oral, also rectal. [[Lysine acetylsalicylate]] may be given [[intravenous therapy|IV]] or [[intramuscular injection|IM]]

...WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines]</ref> The 16th edition for adults and the second edition for children were released in March 2009.<ref> The list was updated in English and French in March 2010.<ref>

...eatment of [[hypertension]]. The chemical works by slowing down the heart and reducing its workload. Unlike [[propranolol]], atenolol does not pass throu ...rimary-care/ | date=2006-06-30 | publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence]] | accessdate=2009-02-03}}</ref>

| routes_of_administration = Oral, rectal, topical, and [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] ...Health Organization]]'s "[[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|Essential Drugs List]]", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care s

...], [[subcutaneous]] (S.C), [[intramuscular]] (I.M), [[intravenous]] (I.V), and [[intrathecal]] (I.T) ...ike [[ketamine]] (K), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), [[dextromethorphan]] (DXM), and [[nitrous oxide]] ({{chem|N|2|O}})

...timulant]], [[appetite suppressant]], concentration aid, [[decongestant]], and to treat [[hypotension]] associated with anaesthesia. ...ily [[Ephedraceae]]). It is most usually marketed in the ''hydrochloride'' and ''sulfate'' forms.

...es_of_administration = Oral, [[Intramuscular injection|IM]], [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[suppository]] ...nticonvulsant]], [[hypnotic]], [[sedative]], [[skeletal muscle relaxant]], and [[amnestic]] properties.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mandrioli, R., L. Merco

| metabolism = Hepatic and via erythrocytes ...hine]] derivative. Other brand names include '''Pentox''', '''Pentoxil''', and '''Flexital'''.

...cardial infarction|heart attacks]] and also in preventing [[kidney|renal]] and [[retina]]l complications of [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]]. It has been co ...[[Hydrophile|hydrophilic]], has long [[half-life]] and tissue penetration and is not [[metabolism|metabolized]] by the liver.

...rial settings by motor vehicles and other gasoline-powered tools, heaters, and cooking equipment. Exposures at 100 [[parts per million|ppm]] or greater ca ...ood, leading to [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]]. Additionally, [[myoglobin]] and mitochondrial [[cytochrome oxidase]] are thought to be adversely affected.

...ot. The branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer is [[oncology]]. ...of cancers is usually affected by complex interactions between carcinogens and the host's [[genome]].

<!-- DEFINITION, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, COMPLICATIONS --> ...che, [[anemia]], irritability, and in severe cases [[seizure]]s, [[coma]], and [[death]].

...rgies, [[immunization]] status, laboratory test results, radiology images, and billing information. ...reases safety through evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting.<ref name="HIMSS">[http://www.himss.org/ASP/topics_ehr.a

...'''list of dog diseases''' is a continuously updated selection of diseases and other conditions found in the [[dog]]. Some of these diseases are unique to ...stemper]] is an often fatal infectious disease that mainly has respiratory and neurologic signs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Canine Distemper: Introduction |

...ell transplantation is a medical procedure in the fields of [[hematology]] and [[oncology]], most often performed for people with diseases of the [[blood] ...esthesia]] to collect the graft, results in a shorter time to engraftment, and may provide for a lower long-term relapse rate.

...ayed [[cerebral ischemia]] is a major contributor to post-operative stroke and death especially after aneurysmal [[subarachnoid space|subarachnoid]] hemor ...e smooth muscle cells. However, aggregating platelets also stimulate TXA-2 and 5-HT which can induce contraction of the smooth muscle cells. In general t

...tissue. Ischemia results in tissue damage because of a lack of [[oxygen]] and nutrients [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19751827]. Ultimately, this c ...flow and force the blood to the extremities of the body, as in acrobatics and military flying

'''''[[Cardiovascular]]:''''' '''''[[Ear]], [[nose]], and [[throat]]:'''''

...ac is available and is used to treat eye pain and to relieve the itchiness and burning of seasonal [[Allergy|allergies]].The FDA has approved an intranasa ...ism of action]] responsible for ketorolac's anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by competiti

| pregnancy_category = B (1st. and 2nd. trimenon), X (third trimenon) ...some countries. Manufacture and veterinary use is banned in India, Nepal and Pakistan due to imminent extinction of local vultures.

...wer concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced. The FDA approved etodolac in January 1991.<ref name="med ...]s." Unlike rofecoxib, both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit COX-1 and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. Interesti

...ase in the risk for [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], [[thrombosis]] and [[stroke]] by a relative increase in [[thromboxane]]. [[Rofecoxib]] (common {{details|Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors}}

...on|drug]]s with [[analgesic]] and [[antipyretic]] (fever-reducing) effects and which have, in higher doses, [[anti-inflammatory]] effects. The term "nonsteroidal" is used to distinguish these drugs from [[steroids]], which - among a broad range of other effects - have a si

| routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]] ...rinary medicine]]. Propofol is approved for use in more than 50 countries, and [[generic drug|generic]] versions are available.