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...nalytical chemistry. It can, when heated with a sample containing aluminum cation, produce a white precipitation:

| ImageNameL1 = The sodium cation

...ibiting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated ([[HCN1]]) cation channels, which mediate the "sag" current (''I_h'') in neurons.<

...nal physiology#Secretion|tubular secretion]], and both, particularly the [[cation]]ic (positively [[electric charge|charged]]) form of cimetidine, may compet

...ng several types of inorganic impregnant such as [[iodine]], [[silver]], [[cation]]s such as Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Li, Ca have also been prepared for specific appl

...degrees as water molecules are incorporated into the structure to occupy [[cation]] vacancies. The variability of Prussian blue's composition is attributable

...sup>+</sup> recycling. This electrical potential normally drives divalent cation reabsorbtion in the loop, and by reducing this potential loop diuretics cau

|ImageNameR1=The sodium cation

A fraction of the effects of amiloride is inhibition of [[cyclic GMP-gated cation channel]]s in the [[inner medullary collecting duct]].<ref name=boron875> {

...o oxidation states: +1 and +2. The +1 state oxidation involves the dimeric cation, Hg{{su|b=2|p=2+}}. Solutions of {{chem|Hg|2|2+}} are in equilibrium with {

...ylic acid]] family of ligands. EDTA^4- usually binds to a metal cation through its two amines and four carboxylates. Many of the resulting [[comp

...antane can also react with [[tetrabromomethane]] and [[Quaternary ammonium cation|tetra-n-butylammonium]] Bromide (TBABr) in a [[free radical reaction]] to t

...p>II-III</sup> hydroxycarbonate green rust; ordering, deprotonation and/or cation substitution; structure of hydrotalcite-like compounds and mythic ferrosic

*photoacid generator + hν (193&nbsp;nm) → acid cation + [[sulfonate]] anion <ref name="Tagawa2000">{{cite journal|author=S. Tagaw *e⁻ + photoacid generator → e⁻ + acid cation + sulfonate anion <ref name="Tagawa2000" />

...three [[oxygen]]s and one negative charge neutralized by an [[ammonium]] [[cation]] leaving two bonds free to [[polymerize]]. In the branched cases some mon

...f functional group ([[ligand]]) of chelating resin and metal (in form of [[cation]] or [[oxoanion]]) is selective with respect to the nature of the metal. It

In 2008, researchers in Canada asserted that [[quaternary ammonium cation|quaternary ammonium]] [[biocide]]s and [[oleamide]] were leaking out of cer

...ne and ion-exchange methods. Cations are replaced with hydrogen ions using cation-exchange resins; anions are replaced with hydroxyls using anion-exchange re

'''Coordination polymers''' are [[inorganic]] structures containing metal cation centers linked by [[ligands]], extending in an array. They can also be des ...[[alkaline earth metals]]) and in this case, dimensionality increases with cation size and polarizability. A. [Ca(L)(H₂O)₄]•H<sub>2<

...ence in the effective mass or friction coefficient between [[anion]] and [[cation]] would result in different displacement amplitudes in a [[longitudinal wav

...ence in the effective mass or friction coefficient between [[anion]] and [[cation]] would result in different displacement amplitudes in a [[longitudinal wav

...lt (chemistry)|salt]] to the system. [[Valence (chemistry)|Multivalent]] [[cation]]s are more efficient flocculants than monovalent cations: AlCl₃ ...]) nanoparticles, peptization involves adsorption of [[quaternary ammonium cation]] on the titania surface. This causes the surface to become positively char

...negative ions, <math>I</math>. For a nanochannel with perfect control over cation and anion, the selectivity is unity. For a nanochannel without ionic flow c ...he gate. The gate bias and the source-drain bias are applied to adjust the cation and anion concentration within the nanochannel, therefore tuning the ionic

...cases, organometallic derivatives are less toxic such as [[cobaltocenium]] cation.

...ion clay with a medium [[shrink-swell capacity]]. Vermiculite has a high [[cation exchange capacity]] at 100-150 [[meq]]/100 g. Vermiculite clays are weather

...nd, e.g. [[dppf]]. Ferrocene can itself be oxidized to the [[ferrocenium]] cation (Fc⁺); the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple is often used as a refer

...loses two [[electron]]s in one-electron [[oxidation]] steps; the [[radical cation]] is a characteristic blue-violet colour, which gives the compound part of

...o this [[hydrophobic]] environment and away from the solvent, the ethidium cation is forced to shed any water molecules that were associated with it. As wate

...te [[anion]]s have no effect on the color. The intense green color of the cation results from an intense ([[extinction coefficient]] of 10⁵ M<sup ...ess leuco compound, a relative of [[triphenylmethane]], is oxidized to the cation that is MG:

...rt A, Schömig E |title=Functional role of the 503F variant of the organic cation transporter OCTN1 in Crohn's disease |journal=Gut |volume=54 |issue=10 |pag

...>²⁺ cation, which is similar to the Hg₂²⁺ cation in [[mercury(I) chloride]].<ref name="Holl"/>

Virtually all biochemicals exhibit the ability to dissolve certain metal [[cation]]s. Thus, proteins, polysaccharides, and polynucleic acids are excellent po

...ers to the resemblance between the structure of a crown ether bound to a [[cation]], and a [[crown (headgear)|crown]] sitting on a person's head. The first n ...potassium cation, 15-crown-5 for sodium cation, and 12-crown-4 for lithium cation. The high affinity of 18-crown-6 for potassium ions contributes towards its

...on.jpg|thumbnail|Structure of [[2.2.2-Cryptand]] encapsulating a potassium cation (purple). At crystalline state, obtained with an X-ray diffraction.<ref>{{c ...des a binding site - or nook - for "guest" ions. The complex between the [[cation]]ic guest and the cryptand is called a cryptate. Cryptands form complexes w

...the oligomerization of [[ethylene oxide]] in the presence of a templating cation.

.... Like crown ethers, cyclen compounds are capable of selectively binding [[cation]]s. They are used as a [[ligand]] in [[chemistry]] for instance with chemic

...oes not exist as a free ion in solution, but is bound to the corresponding cation, such as Na⁺. In practice, the existence of the free anion, comm

...pg|thumbnail|left|Structure of a [2.2.2]cryptand encapsulating a potassium cation (purple). At crystalline state, obtained with an X-ray diffraction.<ref>{{c

...te''' is a salt of etidronic acid, abbeviated M_nHEDP (M: is a [[cation]], n: number of M maximum 4).

...ylic acid]] family of ligands. EDTA^4- usually binds to a metal cation through its two amines and four carboxylates. Many of the resulting [[comp

...[[water (molecule)|water]] (H₂O) are split into [[hydrogen]] [[cation]]s (H⁺) (conventionally referred to as [[proton]]s) and [[hydrox

...background electrolyte used will be, for example, a [[Quaternary ammonium cation|tetralkylammonium]] salt. Another example involves iron(III) which forms we ...ugh that the complex can be destroyed by nitric acid to recover the uranyl cation as nitrato complexes, such as [UO₂(NO₃)₄]

...silicon, so the replacement must be accompanied by the addition of another cation. The number of possible combinations of such a structure is very large, whi

''Ion-pairs'' are formed when a [[cation]] and [[anion]] come together. ...ermed ''fully solvated''. When there is about one solvent molecule between cation and anion, the ion-pair may be termed ''solvent-shared''. Lastly when the i

...eaving behind an acetate anion CH₃COO- and creating a hydronium cation H₃O. This is an equilibrium reaction, so the reverse

...with [[acetic acid]] in absence of water can be described to give ammonium cation, an acid, and acetate anion, a base: ...under other definitions of acid-base reactions. For example, a [[silver]] cation behaves as an acid with respect to [[ammonia]], which behaves as a base, in

where the + subscript refers to a cation and the minus subscript refers to an anion. Bromley's equation can easily b

...ke [[water (molecule)|water]] means the separation of the [[anion]]s and [[cation]]s. The salt can be recovered by [[evaporation]] of the solvent. See also:

...istry)|base]] is a species with the ability to gain or "accept" a hydrogen cation (proton).

...ion of KMnO₄, it forms a hydrophobic complex with the potassium cation which allows the uncharged ion-pair, {[KL]⁺[MnO₄]<sup

Another common instance where precipitation occurs is when a metal cation interacts with an anionic ligand to form an electrically-neutral complex. I

[[Anion]]s that interact weakly with [[cation]]s are termed '''non-coordinating anions''', although a more accurate term

...[ligand]]s arises from the attraction between the positively charged metal cation and negative charge on the non-bonding electrons of the ligand. The theory

*The bonding between cation and anion is described in terms of electrostatic lines of force *The concentration of lines of force between cation and ion constitutes the electrostatic bond

...ula [Co(NH₃)₅(NO₂)]Cl₂. The [[cation]]ic cobalt [[Coordination complex|complex]] exists in two separable linkage

...mb|right|200px|[[Ball-and-stick model]] of the tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cation, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]

...bases "donate" their "free" pairs of electrons to an otherwise naked metal cation, which acts as a Lewis acid and "accepts" the electrons. Dipolar bonds form

...sub>2</sub>Br₂]^1- has Cr³⁺ as its central cation, which has a coordination number of 6. ...m fluoride]] (CaF₂) is an (8, 4) structure, meaning that each [[cation]] Ca²⁺ is surrounded by eight F⁻ [[anion]] neighbor

...NH₃)₄(NH₂)Cl]⁺. In this mono[[cation]], the chloride spontaneously dissociates. This pathway is called the [[Sn1

...NH₃)₄(NH₂)Cl]⁺. In this mono[[cation]], the chloride spontaneously dissociates from this conjugate base of the s

...I) chloride]] ([Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃), the cobalt cation plus the six ammonia ligands comprise the first coordination sphere. The co

...ligand]]s such as [[carbon monoxide]], [[ethylene]] or the [[nitrosonium]] cation. Electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand, in the process re

# Name cation then anion as separate words (if applicable, as in last example)

...— to become permeable to [[cations]], most particularly the [[calcium]] cation; this evokes a powerful irritant effect followed by desensitization and [[a

...}</ref> as well as direct activation of the [[Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1|TRPA1 channel]].<ref name="pmid18234885">{{cite journal

...s to flow into the cell and potassium ions to flow out (i.e. it is a mixed cation-conducting channel). The Na⁺ and K⁺ permeabilities o

.... The resulting mixture was then suspended a peptide mixture in a bath of cation exchange fluid. The proteins were identified by splicing them with trypsin

...nnels permit the passage of ions based solely on their charge of positive (cation) or negative (anion). However, the archetypal channel pore is just one or t **[[Cation channels of sperm]]: This small family of channels, normally referred to as

...on dioxide (XeO₂) remains elusive — only the XeOO⁺ cation has been identified by [[infrared spectroscopy]] in solid [[argon]].<ref>{{ |title=Formation and Characterization of the XeOO⁺ Cation in Solid Argon