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...Corps, rendering emergency medical treatment to include initial treatment in a combat environment. Qualified hospital corpsmen may be assigned the respo The colloquial form of address for a Hospital Corpsman is "Doc". In the U.S. Marine Corps, this term is generally used as a sign of respect.

...r television camera, a computer, stabilizing device or gyro, and equipment in a plotting room<ref name="NavOrdAndGunV2">{{cite book|title =NAVAL ORDNANCE ...equired nearly 1000 rounds of 5" mechanical fuze ammunition per kill, even in late 1944.<ref>Campbell, Naval Weapons of WW2, P106</ref>

...is a drug used primarily to treat [[hyperuricemia]] (excess [[uric acid]] in [[blood plasma]]) and its complications, including chronic [[gout]].<ref na ...feedback inhibition of [[amidophosphoribosyl transferase]], the first and rate-limiting enzyme of purine biosynthesis. Allopurinol therefore decreases bot

...tamol]] (acetaminophen) [[overdose]]. Other uses include sulfate repletion in conditions, such as autism, where cysteine and related sulfur amino acids m In addition to being available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement,

...tion of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes |journal=Drug Metabolism and Disposition |volume=30 ...|author=Bergman SA |title=Ketamine: review of its pharmacology and its use in pediatric anesthesia |journal=Anesthesia Progress |volume=46 |issue=1 |page

...tant Campylobacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: a public health success story. | journal = Clin Infect Dis | volum ...r a variety of different brand names and is also available for limited use in [[veterinary medicine]].

...oncerns still preclude its widespread use in this setting. It is also used in the treatment of [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] and has been investigated fo ...diabetes. {{As of|2009}}, metformin is one of only two oral anti-diabetics in the [[World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines]] (the ot

...rction|heart attacks]], [[stroke]]s, and [[thrombus|blood clot]] formation in people at high risk for developing blood clots.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 1 ...F. Jencks| title = Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries : Patterns of Use and Outcomes| journal = Ci

...nt used to treat [[hypertension]] by acting as a [[vasodilator]] primarily in [[arteries]] and [[arterioles]]. By relaxing [[vascular smooth muscle]], v ...lease]] from the [[sarcoplasmic reticulum]] of smooth muscle. This results in an arterial and arteriolar relaxation.<ref name="Rand and Dale">Rang, Dale,

...ion]]s, namely [[atrial fibrillation]], [[atrial flutter]] and sometimes [[heart failure]] that cannot be controlled by other [[medication]]. Digoxin prepar ...of the contractile response is just slightly increased. Overall, the heart rate is decreased, while [[blood pressure]] increases as the stroke volume is in

...ine D5 receptor|D₅]]—and their variants. Dopamine is produced in several areas of the brain, including the [[substantia nigra]] and the [[ve ...affect the [[central nervous system]]. To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as [[Parkinson's disease]] and do

...sub>-adrenergic receptor agonist]] used for the relief of [[bronchospasm]] in conditions such as [[asthma]] and [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] Salbutamol was the first selective Β2-receptor agonist to be marketed — in 1968. It was first sold by Allen & Hanburys under the brand name Ventolin.

...heart rate, contracts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the [[fight-or-flight response]] of the [[sympathetic nervous system]].<ref ...''epinephrine''. The term ''epinephrine'' is often shortened to '''epi''' in medical jargon.<ref name="isbn0-89262-438-8">{{cite book |author= Gail Aske

| SolubleOther = soluble in [[alcohol]], [[ether]], [[sulfuric acid]] ...ept for [[California]] allow nitrous oxide as an [[anesthetic]]. Also used in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]]. -->

*[[Bradycardia]] or decreased [[heart rate]] *[[Cardiac arrest]], cessation of [[Cardiac cycle|heartbeat]], or [[heart failure]]

...res (such as [[endoscopy|endoscopies]]) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce [[amnesia]].<ref name="PubChem">{{cite w ...[[paradoxical effects]] such as excitement, rage or worsening of seizures in epileptics. Benzodiazepines also can cause or worsen [[Major depression|dep

...Ball and stick model of the EDTA molecule, in the zwitterionic form found in the solid state ...2+</sup> and Fe³⁺. After being bound by EDTA, metal ions remain in solution but exhibit diminished reactivity. EDTA is produced as several sa

...grown as an [[ornamental plant]] due to its vivid [[flower]]s. These range in color from various purple [[tint]]s through various shades of light gray, a ...and it is called "bloody fingers" more northward, "deadman's bells" whilst in Wales it is known as "fairy-folks-fingers" or "lambs-tongue-leaves."<ref>{{

...ses at low doses, induce [[delirium]] and [[hallucination]]s when ingested in sufficient amounts.<ref name=Wilson2008>{{Cite book| last = Wilson | first ...of life), and the name "atropa bella donna" is derived from an admonition in [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] meaning "do not b

...[[milieu interieur]] that was created by [[Claude Bernard]] and published in 1865. Multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustment and regulation mechanisms mak ...e's ultimate example of "regulators" because they control their parameters in a variety of climates and conditions.

| excretion = Eliminated unchanged in Urine ...ngestive heart failure]], [[myocardial infarction|heart attacks]] and also in preventing [[kidney|renal]] and [[retina]]l complications of [[diabetes mel

...b>1.8 sodium channel blocker, attenuates neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the rat ...awa T, Tsujimura Y |title=Caffeine-induced block of Na⁺ current in guinea pig single ventricular cells |journal=Am J Physiol. |volume=261 |iss

...in]]s, [[peptide]]s, [[DNA]] and [[RNA]] are all examples of biopolymers, in which the [[monomer]]ic units, respectively, are [[sugar]]s, [[amino acid]] Chandra, R., and Rustgi, R., "Biodegradable Polymers", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 23, p. 1273 (1998)

...rs |accessdate= |author= |date= |year= |publisher= UN |pages= }}</ref> In the past, DU has been called '''Q-metal''', '''depletalloy''', and '''D-38' ...>]]. Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical [[radiation therapy]] and industrial [[radiography]] equipment, and

<!--THIS ARTICLE WAS STARTED IN AMERICAN SPELLING. PLEASE KEEP PER WP:ENGVAR--> ...as secondary [[xylem]] in the stems of [[tree]]s (and other woody plants). In a living tree it transfers [[water]] and [[nutrients]] to the [[leaves]] an

...imarily as a [[decongestant]], as an agent to dilate the [[pupil]], and to increase [[blood pressure]]. Phenylephrine has recently been marketed as a substitu ...t common [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] (OTC) [[decongestant]] in the United States; [[oxymetazoline]] is a more common nasal spray. [[Pseudo

...ar=2008 |month=September |pmid=18788094 |doi= |url=}}</ref> This increase in set-point triggers increased [[muscle tone]] and [[shivering]]. As a person's temperature increases, there is, in general, a feeling of [[cold]] despite an increasing body temperature. Onc

...omplete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and is often produced in domestic or industrial settings by motor vehicles and other gasoline-powere ...mans by combining with [[hemoglobin]] to form [[carboxyhemoglobin]] (HbCO) in the blood. This prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-

...cent tissues), and sometimes ''[[metastasis]]'' (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers d ...5 }}</ref> Cancer caused about 13% of [[causes of death|all human deaths]] in 2007<ref name="WHO">{{cite web | last =WHO | authorlink =World Health Organ

...country’s states. Only men in exceptionally hazardous jobs were covered in early legislation and most had no limit to the number of hours their employ Ten-hour workdays were accepted in the [[agriculture]] industry during certain seasons and six-day workweeks w

...Symptoms include abdominal pain, headache, [[anemia]], irritability, and in severe cases [[seizure]]s, [[coma]], and [[death]]. ...e policies (e.g. laws that ban lead in products or reduce allowable levels in water or soil).

...Ball and stick model of the EDTA molecule, in the zwitterionic form found in the solid state ...2+</sup> and Fe³⁺. After being bound by EDTA, metal ions remain in solution but exhibit diminished reactivity. EDTA is produced as several sa

This article is written in AMERICAN ENGLISH. ...ont> subunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing [[heme]] groups in green. From {{PDB|1GZX}} {{Proteopedia|Hemoglobin}}

...] ||nephrology ||[[pyelonephritis]] || ||quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine ...ology, neurosurgery, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions

...ases are unique to dogs or closely related species, while others are found in other animals, including humans. Not all of the articles listed here contai ...law. Please see the article [[dog health]] for information on this disease in dogs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rabies: Introduction | work = The Merck Vete

...r be part of an organic molecule ([[organophosphate]]). Bringing phosphate in any form into the cell and when needed transporting phosphate out of the ce ...[[Cell signaling|signaling]]. Outside the cell, phosphate may be dissolved in [[extracellular fluid]] (ECF) or form structures such as [[bone]] and [[tee

...stem cell]] or [[blood]]. Stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure in the fields of [[hematology]] and [[oncology]], most often performed for peo ...shorter time to engraftment, and may provide for a lower long-term relapse rate.

...to tissue [[ischemia]] and death (necrosis). Cerebral vasospasm may arise in the context of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]]. Symptomatic vasospasm or delay ...e TXA-2 and 5-HT which can induce contraction of the smooth muscle cells. In general the relaxations outweighs the contractions.

...n blood vessel diameter) increases SVR, whereas [[vasodilation]] (increase in diameter) decreases SVR. ...sured in [[mmHg]]) and cardiac output (measured in l/min), it can be given in mmHg·min/l. This is numerically equivalent to hybrid reference units (HRU)

...position of the cardiac function curve and [[venous return curve]] is used in one hemodynamic model.<ref name="pmid12391065">{{cite journal |author=Breng ...he great veins. Swollen neck veins are often an indicator of this type of heart failure.

...nal cortex]]. Aldosterone promotes sodium retention in the distal nephron, in the kidney, which also drives blood pressure up. ...ynthesized by groups at the [[Cleveland Clinic]] and [[Ciba]] laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Basso N, Terragno NA |title=

...ropy''' is a term used to describe [[myocardial]] relaxation. The increase in [[calcium]] uptake by [[cardiomyocyte]]s leads to increased myocardial con Increased catecholamine levels promote positive lusitropy, enabling the heart to relax more rapidly.

...effects (from ''chrono-'', meaning time) are those that change the [[heart rate]]. ...ive chronotropes increase heart rate; negative chronotropes decrease heart rate.

...he first functional organ in a vertebrate embryo. There are 5 stages to '''heart development.''' ...derm]]. These cells can differentiate into [[endocardium]] which lines the heart chamber and valves and the [[myocardium]] which forms the musculature of th

...ly for one minute, and measuring changes in [[blood pressure]] and [[heart rate]]. Its response is clinically indicative concerning [[vascular]] response a ...the most frequently used application of the cold pressor task. Comparable in terms of pain elicitation is the [[hot water immersion test]], the equivale

...(seen throughout the entire [[systemic circulation]]). Factors that result in vasodilation are termed '''vasodilators'''. ...decrease TPR and blood pressure through relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the [[tunica media]] layer of large [[arteries]] and smaller arterioles.<re

...tory system]]. More specifically, it addresses the [[physiology]] of the [[heart]] ("cardio") and [[blood vessel]]s ("vascular"). ==Heart==

...meostatic mechanisms for preventing abnormal increases [[blood pressure]]. In the presence of high [[mean arterial pressure]], the baroreceptor reflex pr ...ssure is reduced by decreasing cardiac output (CO) via a decrease in heart rate (HR).

'''Venous return''' is the rate of blood flow back to the [[heart]]. It normally limits [[cardiac output]]. ...position of the [[cardiac function curve]] and venous return curve is used in one hemodynamic model.<ref name="pmid12391065">{{cite journal |author=Breng

...the effect of gravity that sensed be [[carotid sinus]] by changing [heart rate]. The two main changes in postural from vertical to horizontal position, and from horizontal to ventr

...triction]]. Together these responses increase blood pressure and perfusion rate to the brain, ending the feedback loop.

...and then widen more and connect to become veins, which return blood to the heart.]] ...e only 1 cell thick. These microvessels, measuring 5-10 [[micrometre|μm]] in diameter, connect [[arteriole]]s and [[venule]]s, and enable the exchange

...A node). The cardiovascular centre also increases the stroke volume of the heart (that is, the amount of blood it pumps). These two changes help to regulate ...noatrial node, or "[[cardiac pacemaker]]", thus increasing the rate of the heart beat.

...d contraction, with both differing significantly from smooth muscle cells. In addition, cardiac muscle cells, like skeletal muscle cells, are multinuclea ...rstood as [[Systole]] of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells, like all tissues in the body, rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and

...6-867 (Integration of Salt and Water Balance) and 1059 (The Adrenal Gland) in: {{cite book |author=Walter F., PhD. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cel ...ion of sodium and water into the blood. This increases the volume of fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.

...Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of portopulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates. Transplantation 2001;71:572-574</ref><ref name ...avec"/><ref name="ReferenceA">Bejaminov et al. Portopulmonary hypertension in decompensated cirrhosis with refractory ascites. Gut 2003; 52:1355-1362</re

{{About|the plant genus|use as a psychoactive drug in the genus|Cannabis (drug)}} ...amsterdam.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Hash Marijuana & Hemp Museum|Cannabis Museum]] in [[Amsterdam]].]]

...the hemp plant Cannabis sativa...is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States"[http://www.drugabuse.gov/Infofacts/marijuana.html] --> ...= http://www.idmu.co.uk/can.htm | title = Types of ''Cannabis'' Available in the United Kingdom (UK) | author = Matthew J. Atha (Independent Drug Monito

...action and very low cost. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by [[Eli Lilly and Company]]. Methadone is useful in the treatment of opioid dependence. It has [[cross-tolerance]] with other o

...It was developed by [[Merck Sharp & Dohme]] in 1971 after showing promise in a research project studying more potent chemical analogs of [[aspirin]].<re ...ck & Co.]], but generic versions are now widely available. It is available in 250&nbsp;mg and 500&nbsp;mg tablets.

| excretion = biliary, only 1% in urine ...ies. Limited OTC some countries. Manufacture and veterinary use is banned in India, Nepal and Pakistan due to imminent extinction of local vultures.

...[[analgesic]] and [[antipyretic]] (fever-reducing) effects and which have, in higher doses, [[anti-inflammatory]] effects. ...epressing, anti-inflammatory action. As [[analgesics]], NSAIDs are unusual in that they are non-[[narcotic]].

| metabolism = 95%, mainly [[Hepatic]], also in blood and tissues ...title -->].</ref> to treat [[cataplexy]] and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with [[narcolepsy]]. The same company is also investigating the dr

...itaries]], [[police department]]s and [[corporation]]s adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed. ...ticular context. Individuals, such as [[Timothy McVeigh]], may also engage in terrorist acts such as the [[Oklahoma City bombing]].

...}}) is a large [[United States]]-based international company headquartered in [[Cedar Rapids]], [[Iowa]], primarily providing [[aviation]] and [[informat ...tion of [[Rear admiral|Rear Admiral]] [[Richard Evelyn Byrd|Richard Byrd]] in 1933.