Amino acid neurotransmitter

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180px Activity at an axon terminal: Neuron A is transmitting a signal at the axon terminal to neuron B (receiving). Features: 1. Mitochondrion. 2. synaptic vesicle with neurotransmitters. 3. Autoreceptor. 4. Synapse with neurotransmitter released (serotonin). 5. Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitter (induction of a postsynaptic potential). 6. Calcium channel. 7. Exocytosis of a vesicle. 8. Recaptured neurotransmitter.
An amino acid neurotransmitter is a chemical substance which is able to transmit a nerve message across a synapse. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) are packaged into vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse in a process called endocytosis. [1] Amino acid neurotransmitter release (exocytosis) is dependent upon calcium Ca2+ and is a presynaptic response. There are inhibitory amino acids (IAA) or excitatory amino acids (EAA). Some EAA are L-Glutamate, L-Aspartate, L-Cysteine, and L-Homocysteine.[2]These neurotransmitter systems will activate post-synaptic cells.[3] Some IAA include GABA, Glycine, β-Alanine, and Taurine.[2] The IAA depress the activity of post-synaptic cells.[3]
See also Amino acid non protein functions

References

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The 20 Common Amino Acids ("dp" = data page)
Branched-chain amino acids
Non Branch-chain
Alanine (dp) · Arginine (dp) · Asparagine (dp) · Aspartic acid (dp) · Cysteine (dp) · Glutamic acid (dp) · Glutamine (dp) · Glycine (dp) · Histidine (dp) · Lysine (dp) · Methionine (dp) · Phenylalanine (dp) · Proline (dp) · Serine (dp) · Threonine (dp) · Tryptophan (dp) · Tyrosine (dp)
Other classifications
Key concepts
Processes
Signaling pathways
Agents
Other
Acetylcholine
BA/M
AA
  1. ↑ "Axon Terminal : on Medical Dictionary Online". Retrieved 2008-12-25. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Foye, William O. (2007). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. David A. Williams. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 446. ISBN 0781768799, 9780781768795 Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help).  More than one of |first1= and |first= specified (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 D'haenen, Hugo (2002). Biological Psychiatry (digitised online by Google books). Paul Willner. John Wiley and Sons. p. 415. ISBN 0471491985, 9780471491989 Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help). Retrieved 2008-12-26.  More than one of |first1= and |first= specified (help)
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