Chronic (medicine)
In medicine, a chronic disease is a disease that is long-lasting or recurrent. The term chronic describes the course of the disease, or its rate of onset and development. A chronic course is distinguished from a recurrent course; recurrent diseases relapse repeatedly, with periods of remission in between. As an adjective, chronic can refer to a persistent and lasting medical condition. Chronicity is usually applied to a condition that lasts more than three months. The opposite of chronic is acute.
Examples of chronic diseases include:
- Asthma
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Chronic osteoarticular diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis
- Chronic respiratory diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic hepatitis
- Autoimmune diseases, like ulcerative colitis, lupus erythematosus
- Cardiovascular diseases: heart failure, ischemic cardiopathy, cerebrovascular disease
- Epilepsy
- Neoplasic diseases not amenable to be cured
- Osteoporosis
- Cancer
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Chronic GHVD: intra-oral
Many chronic diseases require chronic care management for effective long-term treatment. Effective chronic disease control requires attention to social, behavioral, environmental and clinical aspects. Multiple morbidities can be common in older adults.
Prevalence
Nearly one in two Americans (133 million) has a chronic medical condition of one kind or another,[1] and chronic illnesses cause about 70% of deaths in the United States and take up about 75% of the costs each year.[2] However, most of these people are not actually disabled, as their medical conditions do not impair normal activities. According to this report, the most common chronic conditions are high blood pressure, arthritis, respiratory diseases like emphysema, and high cholesterol. That number is projected to increase by more than one percent per year by 2030, resulting in an estimated chronically ill population of 171 million.[1]
60% are between the ages of 18 and 64.[1] 90% of seniors have at least one chronic disease, and 77% of them have two or more chronic diseases.[3]
See also
- Acute (medicine)
- Chronic pain
- Course (medicine)
- Disease management (health)
- Dynamic treatment regimes
- Medical tattoo
- Multiple morbidities
- Virtual Wards
References
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- Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan
- Bone Marrow transplantationaf:Chroniese siekte
ar:مزمن (طب) ca:Malaltia crònica de:Krankheitsverlauf es:Enfermedad crónica eu:Kroniko fr:Chronique (médecine) ia:Infirmitate pam:Chronic disease nl:Chronische ziekte ja:持病 no:Kronisk sykdom pl:Choroba przewlekła pt:Doença crônica simple:Chronic fi:Krooninen tila sv:Kronisk sjukdom tl:Kroniko tr:Kronik ur:مزمن
yi:כראניש- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chronic Care in America: A 21st Century Challenge, a study of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation & Partnership for Solutions: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (September 2004 Update). "Chronic Conditions: Making the Case for Ongoing Care". Free full-text.
- ↑ National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Chronic Disease Overview. CDC.
- ↑ The Growing Burden of Chronic Disease in American, Public Health Reports / May–June 2004 / Volume 119, Gerard Anderson, PhD
