Friedel's salt

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Friedel's salt
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Properties
Molecular formula Ca2Al(OH)6(Cl, OH) · 2 H2O
Appearance White solid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Friedel's salt is an anion exchanger mineral belonging to the family of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). It has affinity for anions as chloride and iodide and is capable to retain them to a certain extent in its crystallographical structure.

Composition

Friedel's salt general formula is:

Ca2Al(OH)6(Cl, OH) · 2 H2O.

In the cement chemist notation, considering that

2 OH ↔ O2– + H2O,

and doubling all the stoichiometry, it can also be written as follows:

3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2 · 10 H2O

Friedel's salt can also be considered as an AFm phase in which chloride ions have replaced sulfate ions and is formed in cements initially rich in tri-calcium aluminate (C3A).

2 Cl- + 3CaO·Al2O3·CaSO4 · 10 H2O   →   3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2 · 10 H2O + SO42-

It plays a main role in the retention of chloride anions in cement and concrete. However, Friedel's salt remains a poorly understood phase in the CaO-Al2O3-CaCl2-H2O system, and is critical for the stability of salt-saturated Portland cement-based grouts.

Discovery

Nowadays, Friedel's salt discovery is relatively difficult to trace back from the recent literature, simply because it is an ancient finding of a poorly known and non-natural product. It has been synthesised and identified in 1897 by Georges Friedel, mineralogist and crystallographer, son of the famous French chemist Charles Friedel.[1] Georges Friedel also synthesised Calcium aluminate (1903) in the framework of his work on the Macles theory (twin crystals). This point requires further verification.[citation needed][2]

Formation

Role in cement

  • Importance for the reactive transport of chloride in cement in relation with corrosion of steel reinforcement.

Anion getter

  • Trap toxic anions in cement such as, e.g., 129I-, SeO32-, SeO42-

See also


References

  1. Friedel, Georges (1897). "Sur un chloro-aluminate de calcium hydrate´ se maclant par compression". Bulletin de la Société française de minéralogie et de cristallographie. 19: 122–136. 
  2. Biography of Georges Friedel by F. Greandjean on annales.org., in French.
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  • Chatterji, S. (1995). "On the applicability of Fick's second law to chloride ion migration through portland cement concrete". Cement and Concrete Research. 25 (2): 299–303. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00013-5. 
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External links

fa:نمک فریدل