Givinostat
File:Givinostat structure.svg | |
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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{6-[(diethylamino)methyl]naphthalen-2-yl}methyl [4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate | |
Clinical data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
Legal status | |
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Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 497833-27-9 |
ATC code | none |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C24H27N3O4 |
Molar mass | 421.489 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
Givinostat (INN[1]) or gavinostat (originally ITF2357) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities.[2] It is a hydroxamate used in the form of its hydrochloride.
Givinostat is in numerous phase II clinical trials,[3] and has been granted orphan drug designation in the European Union for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis[4] and polycythaemia vera.[5]
ITF2357 was discovered at Italfarmaco of Milan, Italy. It was patented in 1997 and first described in the scientific literature in 2005.[6][7]
Adverse effects
In clinical trials of givinostat as a salvage therapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, the most common adverse reactions were fatigue (seen in 50% of participants), mild diarrhea or abdominal pain (40% of participants), moderate thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet counts, seen in one third of patients), and mild leukopenia (a decrease in white blood cell levels, seen in 30% of patients). One-fifth of patients experienced prolongation of the QT interval, a measure of electrical conduction in the heart, severe enough to warrant temporary suspension of treatment.[8]
Mechanism of action
Givinostat inhibits class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. This reduces expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α and β, and interleukin 6.[7]
It also has activity against cells expressing JAK(2V617F), a mutated form of the janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme that is implicated in the pathophysiology of many myeloproliferative diseases, including polycythaemia vera.[9][10] In patients with polycythaemia, the reduction of mutant JAK2 concentrations by givinostat is believed to slow down the abnormal growth of erythrocytes and ameliorate the symptoms of the disease.[5]
References
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Further reading
- Job-Deslandre, C (January 2007). "Idiopathic juvenile-onset systemic arthritis". Orphanet. Orphan number: ORPHA85414.de:Givinostat
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- Hydroxamic acids
- Histone deacetylase inhibitors
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- 2Fix