List of plants used as medicine

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Species Common name Claim Evidence[1] Compendial status
Acanthopanax gracilistylus Prickly ginseng, Wujiapi [2] Aids digestion, cures hepatitis C, lowers blood pressure, increases stamina.[3]
Afsar millefolium Yarrow Eaten to counter poisoning, but must be eaten quickly [citation needed]
Agaricus subrufescens Agaricus blazei May enhance immune system and have anti-cancer properties (Reviewed by Hetland) [4] Positive/Inconclusive[4]
Allium sativum [5] Garlic Antibiotic (in vitro)/stops infectionLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.</ref>[6][7][8][9]
Cardiovascular health inconclusive[10]
Aloe ferox WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1 [11]
Anethum graveolens Dill and Dill oil used to soothe the stomach after meals
Amorphophallus konjac Konjac Atopic dermatitis positive[12]
high cholesterol positive[13]
Arnica montana Arnica Used for strains, sprains, and bruises. The roots contain derivatives of thymol,[14] which are used as fungicides and preservatives and may have some anti-inflammatory effect.[15]
Aquilaria agollocha Eaglewood
Artemisia annua L. Sweet sagewort Help to prevent the development of parasite resistance,it also has anti-malarial properties, and has anti-cancer properties
Artemisia absinthium L. Wormwood
Aristolochia rotunda Smearwort
Arum Maculatum Lords and Ladies
Astragalus membranaceus Astragalus [5]
Cannabis Sativa Cannabis, Cannabis sativa, Marijuana, Hashish Pain relief, hunger stimulation, wasting caused by HIV/AIDS, Glaucoma, nausea
Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia Bergamot orange Malaria[16]
Crataegus spp. L. Hawthorn Nervous tension
Cydonia oblonga Quince [17]
Cymbopogon flexuosus Lemon grass [17]
Cymbopogon schoenanthus Fever grass [5]
Digitalis lanata Digitalis, Balkan Foxglove Antiarrhythmic agent and inotrope positive[18][19]
Echinacea purpurea Purple coneflower, and other species of Echinacea Reduce the severity and duration of symptoms associated with cold and flu. inconclusive[20]
Filipendula ulmaria
(Spiraea ulmaria) 		Meadowsweet Fevers and inflammations. Pain relief. Ulcers. Bacteriostatic. Listed as therapeutical in 1652 by Nicholas Culpeper. In 1838, salicylic acid was isolated from the plant. The word Aspirin is derived from spirin, based on Meadowsweet's synonym name Spiraea ulmaria. positive[21]
Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice
Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal Antimicrobial[22]
Hypericum perforatum St. John's wort Antidepressant positive[23]
negative[24]
Kaempferia galanga Galanga resurrectionlily, Shannai [17]
Marrubium vulgare Horehound Expectorant
Matricaria recutita
(Chamomilla recutita) 		Chamomile Relaxant/Calmative
Mentha × piperita Peppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome/Peristalsis WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants Volume 2 [25]
Nepeta cataria Catnip Soothes coughs
Panax Ginseng [26]
Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy Pain relief. Morphine made from the refined and modified sap is used for pain control in terminal patients. Dried sap was used as a traditional medicine until the 19th century.
Passiflora spp. Passion-flower Insomnia
Phytolacca spp. Pokeweed Topical: acne
Internal: tonsilitis
Plantago spp. Plantain and Psyllium Astringent
Salvia stenophylla Blue Mountain Sage
Poppiocious seediouphylla Poppy seeds Helps sleeping/relieves pain
Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary [5]
Salix alba White willow Ancient medicine, already described by Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides. Bark contains salicylic acid, which name is derived from Salix. positive[27]
Symphytum officinale Comfrey Stops infection
Salvia officinalis Sage Improves cognitive function in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. positive[28]
Tanacetum parthenium
(Chrysanthemum parthenium) 		Feverfew Relieves Migranes, helps fevers and chills.
Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Digestive
Tilia spp. Lime Blossom
Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle
Valeriana officinalis Valerian Sedative
Verbascum thapsus Mullein boosts the Immune system, antispasmodic, diuretic, anodyne, and demulcent[29] Used to treat coughs, (protracted) colds, hemoptysis, catarrh, dysentery, diarrhoea and as a general tonic (like ginseng) to boost the immune system
Zingiberis rhizoma Ginger can help ease nausea from chemotherapy[30] JP XV [31]

See also

Notes

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References

External links

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Alternative medicine · Herbal tea · Homeopathy · Herbalism · List of plants used as medicine
ca:Llista de plantes medicinals

cy:Rhestr o afiechydon a phlanhigion gyda rhinweddau meddygol de:Liste der Heilpflanzen fr:Liste des plantes utilisées en phytothérapie hi:औषधीय पादपों की सूची lb:Lëscht vun den Heelplanzen lt:Vaistiniai augalai

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  1. ↑ Evidence that supports a given indication for a plant is marked 'positive'. Evidence that fails to support a given indication is marked 'negative'. Evidence that neither supports nor denies a given effect is marked 'inconclusive'.
  2. ↑ Therapeutic Goods Administration. "Approved Terminology for Medicines" (PDF). Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  3. ↑ Rogers, Stan. "What are the Real Benefits of Ginseng Supplements?". 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hetland G, Johnson E, Lyberg T, Bernardshaw S, Tryggestad AM, Grinde B (2008). "Effects of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on immunity, infection and cancer". Scand J Immunol. 68 (4): 363–70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02156.x. PMID 18782264. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Therapeutic Goods Administration. "TGA Approved Terminology for Medicines - Herbal substances index ..." (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2009. 
  6. ↑ Anand Prakash, Jagadiswari Rao (1997). Botanical pesticides in agriculture. CRC Press. USA. ISBN 0873718259. 
  7. ↑ Cai Y, Wang R, Pei F, Liang BB (2007). "Antibacterial activity of allicin alone and in combination with beta-lactams against Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa". J. Antibiot. 60 (5): 335–8. doi:10.1038/ja.2007.45. PMID 17551215. 
  8. ↑ Eja ME, Asikong BE, Abriba C, Arikpo GE, Anwan EE, Enyi-Idoh KH (2007). "A comparative assessment of the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and antibiotics on diarrheagenic organisms". Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 38 (2): 343–8. PMID 17539285. 
  9. ↑ Tessema B, Mulu A, Kassu A, Yismaw G (2006). "An in vitro assessment of the antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on bacterial isolates from wound infections". Ethiop. Med. J. 44 (4): 385–9. PMID 17370439. 
  10. ↑ The proposed cardiovascular benefits of garlic have been the subject of significant clinical research, with sometimes conflicting results. At present, any clinical benefit in terms of cardiovascular health remains unconfirmed. See:
    • Rahman K, Lowe GM (2006). "Garlic and cardiovascular disease: a critical review". J. Nutr. 136 (3 Suppl): 736S–740S. PMID 16484553. 
    • Gardner CD, Lawson LD, Block E; et al. (2007). "Effect of raw garlic vs commercial garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial". Arch. Intern. Med. 167 (4): 346–53. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.4.346. PMID 17325296. 
  11. ↑ World Health Organization. "WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1". Retrieved 1 June 2009. 
  12. ↑ Kimata H (2006). "Improvement of atopic dermatitis and reduction of skin allergic responses by oral intake of konjac ceramide". Pediatr Dermatol. 23 (4): 386–9. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00268.x. PMID 16918640. 
  13. ↑ Chen HL, Sheu WH, Tai TS, Liaw YP, Chen YC (2003). "Konjac supplement alleviated hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects--a randomized double-blind trial". J Am Coll Nutr. 22 (1): 36–42. PMID 12569112. 
  14. ↑ Weremczuk-Jezyna I, Kisiel W, Wysokińska H (2006). "Thymol derivatives from hairy roots of Arnica montana". Plant Cell Rep. 25 (9): 993–6. doi:10.1007/s00299-006-0157-y. PMID 16586074. 
  15. ↑ Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, Bianchi T, Bordoni L, Marabini L (2006). "Anti-inflammatory activity of thymol: inhibitory effect on the release of human neutrophil elastase". Pharmacology. 77 (3): 130–6. doi:10.1159/000093790. PMID 16763380. Retrieved 2008-01-27. 
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Therapeutic Goods Administration. "TGA Approved Terminology for Medicines - Herbal substances AAN list" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2009. 
  18. ↑ Lip GYH, Watson RDS, Singh SP (1995). "ABC of atrial fibrillation: drugs for atrial fibrillation". British Medical Journal. 311 (7020): 1631–1634. PMC 2551512 Freely accessible. PMID 8555811. 
  19. ↑ Note: Digitalis use in the United States is controlled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and can only be prescribed by a physician. Misuse can cause death
  20. ↑ Roxas M, Jurenka J (2007). "Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations". Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic. 12 (1): 25–48. PMID 17397266. 
  21. ↑ Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants . New York, NY: DK Publishing; 1996:96.
  22. ↑ Hwang BY, Roberts SK, Chadwick LR et al. (2003). "Antimicrobial constituents from goldenseal (the Rhizomes of Hydrastic canadensis) against selected oral pathogens." Planta Med. 69:623-627.
  23. ↑ Gaster B, Holroyd J (2000). "St John's Wort for depression: a systematic review". Archives of Internal Medicine. 160 (2): 152–6. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.2.152. PMID 10647752. 
  24. ↑ Davidson, J; et al. (2002). "Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) in major depressive disorder". Journal of the American Medical Association. 287 (14): 1807–1814. doi:10.1001/jama.287.14.1807. PMID 11939866. 
  25. ↑ World Health Organization. "WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants Volume 2" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2009. 
  26. ↑ World Health Organization. "WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1". Retrieved 9 June 2009. 
  27. ↑ Mahdi JG , Mahdi AJ , Mahdi AJ , Bowen ID . The historical analysis of aspirin discovery, its relation to the willow tree and antiproliferative and anticancer potential. Cell Prolif. 2006; 39
  28. ↑ Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M. (2003). "Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial". J Clin Pharm Ther. 28 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00463.x. PMID 12605619. 
  29. ↑ Mullein properties and uses Herbalremedies.com
  30. ↑ Ginger quells nausea from chemotherapy cbcnews.ca
  31. ↑ "The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Fifteenth Edition". Retrieved 17 May 2008. 
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