Pain scale

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A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity or other features. Pain scales are based on self-report, observational (behavioral), or physiological data. Self-report is considered primary and should be obtained if possible. Pain scales are available for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose communication is impaired. Pain scores are sometimes regarded as "the Fifth Vital Sign."

Examples of pain scales
Self-report Observational Physiological
Infant — Premature Infant Pain Profile; Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale —
Child Faces Pain Scale - Revised;[1] Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale; Coloured Analogue Scale[2] FLACC (Face Legs Arms Cry Consolability Scale); CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale)[3] Comfort
Adult Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11, NRS-101); Visual Analog Scale; Brief Pain Inventory — —

Partial list of pain measurement scales

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Specialized tests

  • Disease-Specific Pain Scale: DSPI = (ΣX · Y) · 100 where X is the highest pain level on a 0–10 scale and Y is the percentage of this pain level in the group. The DSPI is different from the simple numeric 0–10 scale in that it is measured for a group of patients with a specific diagnosis whereas the numeric 0–10 pain scale is administered individually.[19]
  • Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ)[20] for measuring pain in children
  • Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP)[21] for measuring pain in premature infants
  • Schmidt Sting Pain Index[22] and Starr sting pain scale[23] both for insect stings
  • Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale (for sedated patients)[24]
  • AUSCAN: Disease-Specific, to assess hand osteoarthritis outcomes.[10]
  • WOMAC : Disease-Specific, to assess knee osteoarthritis outcomes.[10]
  • OARSI-OMERACT Initiative, New OA Pain Measure: Disease-Specific, Osteoarthritis Pain[10]

See also

Notes

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Head and neck
Torso
Musculoskeletal
Other conditions
Tests
Related concepts

M: PNS

anat(h, r, t, c, b, l, s)/phys/devp

proc, drug(N1B)

Temperature
Aches/Pains
Malaise and fatigue
Miscellaneous
ja:フェイススケール

pl:Skala bólu

sv:Smärttrappan
  1. ↑ "The Faces Pain Scale – Revised". Pediatric Pain Sourcebook of Protocols, Policies and Pamphlets. 7 August 2007. 
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  3. ↑ von Baeyer, C.L.; Spagrud, L.J. (2007). "Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years". Pain. 127 (1–2): 140–150. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014. PMID 16996689. 
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  6. ↑ "Dallas Pain Questionnaire" (PDF). OARSI. Retrieved 1 March 2010. 
  7. ↑ Ozguler A, Guéguen A, Leclerc A, Landre MF, Piciotti M, Le Gall S, Morel-Fatio M, Boureau F. (2002). "Using the dallas pain questionnaire to classify individuals with low back pain in a working population". Spine. 27 (16): 1783–9. doi:10.1097/00007632-200208150-00018. PMID 12195072. 
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Instructions in many languages and images
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "OARSI Initiatives, Pain Indexes". OARSI. Retrieved 1 March 2010. 
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  15. ↑ Paul W Stratford, Jill M Binkley, Daniel L Riddle and Gordon H Guyatt (1998). "Sensitivity to Change of the Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire: Part 1". Phys Ther. 78 (11): 1186–1196. PMID 9806623. 
  16. ↑ Schulte TL, Schubert T, Winter C, Brandes M, Hackenberg L, Wassmann H, Liem D, Rosenbaum D, Bullmann V. (2010). "Step activity monitoring in lumbar stenosis patients undergoing decompressive surgery". European spine journal. swetswise.com. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1324-y. PMID 20186442. 
  17. ↑ "Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Foundation". Retrieved 6 December 2009. 
  18. ↑ Huskisson EC (1982). "Measurement of pain". J. Rheumatol. 9 (5): 768–9. PMID 6184474. 
  19. ↑ Walid MS, Zaytseva NV (2009). "Pain in Nursing Home Residents and Correlation with Neuropsychiatric Disorders". Pain Physician. 12 (5): 877–880. ISSN 1533-3159. PMID 19787013. 
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  22. ↑ Schmidt, Justin O.; Evans, David (1990). Hymenopteran venoms: striving toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates; chapter in Insect defenses: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press. pp. 387–419. ISBN 0-88706-896-0. 
  23. ↑ Starr, C.K. (1985). "A simple pain scale for field comparison of Hymenopteran stings". Journal of Entomological Science. 20 (2): 225–231. 
  24. ↑ Salmore R (2002). "Development of a new pain scale: Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale for sedated adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures". Gastroenterol Nurs. 25 (6): 257–62. PMID 12488689. Retrieved 2008-05-26. 
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