Parent–child interaction therapy
Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a form of psychotherapy developed by Sheila Eyberg for children ages 2-7 and their caregivers. It uses a unique combination of behavioral therapy, play therapy, and parent training to teach more effective discipline techniques and improve the parent-child relationship[1] . PCIT evolved from Connie Hanf's two stage operant model of parenting[2] .
Contents
Stages of PCIT
Although PCIT is divided into two stages, relationship development (child-directed interaction) and discipline training (parent-directed interaction), there are also three distinct assessment periods (pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment).
Child-directed interaction
The child-directed interaction portion of PCIT aims to develop a loving and nurturing bond between the parent and child through a form of play therapy. Parents are taught a list of "Dos" and "Don'ts" to use while interacting with their child. They will use these skills during a daily play period called Special Time.
DRIP/PRIDE skills
Parents are taught an acronym of skills to use during Special Time with their children. Although the acronym varies from therapist to therapist, it is generally either "DRIP" or "PRIDE." DRIP stands for the following:
D - Describe R - Reflect I - Imitate P - Praise
Likewise, PRIDE stands for the following:
P - Praise R - Reflect I - Imitate D - Describe E - Enthusiasm
Most PCIT therapists currently use PRIDE because DRIP is awkward and the 'E' supports the value and importance of parental positive affective engagement in parent-child interactions.
These acronyms are reminders that parents should describe the actions of their child, reflect upon what their child says, imitate the play of their child, praise their child's positive actions, and remain enthusiastic throughout Special Time.[3]
Parent-Directed Interaction
The Parent-Directed Interaction portion of PCIT aims to teach the parent more effective means of disciplining their child through a form of play therapy and behavioral therapy.
It can be used with maltreated children [4]
Used
PCIT has been used with abusive families. [5] PCIT has been used with oppositional children. [6] Parent child interaction therapy is a model that has demonstrated success with children with oppositional defiant disorder that has recently been applied to children with autism. [7] [8] Currently, a lot of research has been done on how PCIT can be used to keep difficult parenting populations in treatment. [9]
Research shows that skills learned in PCIT training sessions generalize to the home. [10]
Cost effectiveness
Parent child interaction therapy has been found to be a cost effective approach [11]. The way that cost effectiveness was measured was by comparing ratio of treatment costs to behavior gains, as measured by clinically significant improvement on the CBCL (reduction ranging from 17-61%) [12]
Also see
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />- ↑ Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Hembree-Kigin, T.,& McNeil,C., 1995, Springer, NY
- ↑ Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Hembree-Kigin, T.,& McNeil,C., 1995, Springer, NY
- ↑ Chase, R., & Eyberg, S.M. (2005). Abridged manual for the dyadic parent-child interaction coding system (3rd ed.). Available on-line at www.PCIT.org.
- ↑ Chaffin, M. et.al. (2004). Parent-child interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500–510
- ↑ Ware, Fortson & McNeil, C. (2003) Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: A Promising Intervention for Abusive Families. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (4), 375-385 [1].
- ↑ McNeil, C. B., Filcheck, H. A., Greco, L. A., Ware, L. M. & Bernard, R. S. (2001) Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Can a Manualized Treatment Be Functional? The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (2), 106 - 154. [2]
- ↑ Masse, J.J., McNeil, C.B. Wagner, S.M. & Chorney, D.B. (2007). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and High Functioning Autism: A Conceptual Overview. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 4(4), 714-735 BAO.
- ↑ Ashley B. Tempel, Stephanie M. Wagner, and Cheryl B. McNeil (2008). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Language Facilitation: The Role of Parent-Training on Language Development SPL ABA, 2(3) 216-232 [3]
- ↑ Fernandez, M.A. and Eyberg, S.M (2005): Keeping Families In Once They’ve Come Through the Door: Attrition in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. JEIBI 2(3), 207- 214 [4]
- ↑ Naik-Polan,A.T. & Budd, K. (2008). Stimulus generalization of parenting skills during parent child interaction therapy. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 5(3), 71-91 BAO
- ↑ Matthew E. Goldfine, Stephanie M. Wagner, Steven A. Branstetter, and Cheryl B. McNeil (2008). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An Examination of Cost-Effectiveness. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention, 5(1), 119-132. BAO
- ↑ Matthew E. Goldfine, Stephanie M. Wagner, Steven A. Branstetter, and Cheryl B. McNeil (2008). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: An Examination of Cost-Effectiveness. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention, 5(1), 119-132. BAO
