Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity. By doing so, pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimise drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Such approaches promise the advent of "personalized medicine"; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup.

Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application of pharmacogenetics, which examines the single gene interactions with drugs.

Pharmacogenomics is being used all critical illnesses like cancer, cardio vascular disorders, AIDS, TB, Asthma, Diabetes.

In Cancer, pharmacogenomics tests are used to identify which patient will have toxicity from commonly used cancer drugs and identify which patient will not respond to commonly used cancer drug. Over the last couple of years, pharmacogenomics is also as companion diagnostics, meaning tests being bundled with drugs. Two good examples are K-ras test with cituximab and EGFR test with Gefitinib.

In Cardio vascular disorders, the main concern is response to warfarin, clopidogrel, beta blockers, statins etc.

See also

• Genomics
  • Chemogenomics
  • Structural genomics
  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Toxicogenomics
  • Clinomics
  • p450
• Pharmaceutical company
• Population groups in biomedicine

External links

• Genomics @ FDA FDA's resource on genomics
• [1] Pharmacogenetics and Genomics magazine (previously Pharmacogenetics)
• [2] The Pharmacogenomics Journal, ISSN: 1470-269X
• [3] Pharmacogenomics Journal, (ISSN 1462-2416) Impact factor: 3.623
• Nature pharmacogenomics gateway
• PharmGKB The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base, an online free tool for Pharmacogenomics research
• NCBI Primer on Pharmacogenomics, a quick introduction to the promise of customised drugs.
• Pharmacogenomics: Drugs Designed for You, an accessible and comprehensive look at pharmacogenomics research, from the University of Utah's Genetic Science Learning Center
• A Drug to Call One's Own : Will medicine finally get personal? - Scientific American Magazine (August 2005)
• PGxNews.Org - Daily updates about advances in Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
• FDA List of Genomic Biomarkers Predictive of Drug Interactions in August 1, 2008

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