Rhodamine B

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Rhodamine B
File:Rhodamine B.svg
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Identifiers
CAS number 81-88-9 YesY
PubChem 6694
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style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Properties
Molecular formula C28H31ClN2O3
Molar mass 479.02
Appearance red to violet powder
Melting point

210 - 211 °C (Decomposes)

Solubility in water ~50 g/l
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Hazards
MSDS Sigma
 YesY (what is this?)  (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Rhodamine B (pronounced /ˈroʊdəmiːn/) is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.

Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with auramine O, as the auramine-rhodamine stain to demonstrate acid-fast organisms, notably Mycobacterium.

Rhodamine B is tunable around 610 nm when used as a laser dye [1]. Its luminescence quantum yield is 0.65 in basic ethanol[2], 0.49 in ethanol [3], 1.0 [4], and 0.68 in 94% ethanol [5]. The fluorescence yield is temperature dependent [6].

Solubility

The solubility in water is ~50 g/l. However, the solubility in acetic acid solution (30 vol.%) is ~400 g/l. Chlorinated tap water decomposes rhodamine B. Rhodamine B solutions adsorb to plastics and should be kept in glass [7].

Other uses

Rhodamine B is being tested for use as a biomarker in oral rabies vaccines for wildlife, such as raccoons, to identify animals that have eaten a vaccine bait. The rhodamine is incorporated into the animal's whiskers and teeth. [8]

It is also often mixed with herbicides to show where they have been used.

Safety and health

In California, Rhodamine B is suspected to be carcinogenic and thus products containing it must contain a warning on its label.[9]

In New Jersey, MSDS files state that there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animal, and no evidence at all in humans. [10]

References

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See also

fr:Rhodamine B

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nl:Rhodamine B
  1. Jump up Rhodamine B
  2. Jump up R. F. Kubin and A. N. Fletcher, "Fluorescence quantum yields of some rhodamine dyes." J. Luminescence 27 (1982) 455
  3. Jump up K. G. Casey and E. L. Quitevis, "Effect of solvent polarity on nonradiative processes in xanthene dyes: Rhodamine B in normal alcohols," J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6590-6594, 1988
  4. Jump up R. E. Kellogg and R. G. Bennett, "Radiationless intermolecular energy transfer. III. Determination of phosphorescence efficiencies.," J. Chem. Phys., 41, 3042-3045, 1964
  5. Jump up M. J. Snare, F. E. Treloar, K. P. Ghiggino, and P. J. Thistlethwaite "The photophysics of rhodamine B.," J. Photochem., 18, 335-346, 1982
  6. Jump up T. Karstens and K. Kobs, "Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 101 as reference substances for fluorescence quantum yield measurements." J. Phys. Chem., 84, 1871-1872, 1980
  7. Jump up "Detection and prevention of leaks from dams" By Antonio Plata Bedmar and Luís Araguás Araguás, Taylor & Francis, 2002, ISBN 9058093557, 9789058093554
  8. Jump up Oral Rabies Vaccination in North America: Opportunities, Complexities, and Challenges
  9. Jump up http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Visual_Art/documents/NavalJelly.pdf, Naval Jelly msds with Rhodamine B
  10. Jump up http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/r5400.htm, J.T.Baker Rhodamine B MSDS