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...utation]] of base (or impure) metals into gold, which was the goal of many alchemists.<ref name="Stillman">{{cite book |title = Story of Alchemy and Early Chemis

An opium-based elixir has been ascribed to [[Alchemy|alchemists]] of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times, but the specific formula was sup

...sed to [[precious metal]]s, mainly gold and silver. A longtime goal of the alchemists was the transmutation of base metals into precious metals.

...o precious metals, mainly [[gold]] and [[silver]]. A long-time goal of the alchemists was the transmutation of base metal into precious metal.

...iable means of distinguishing it from other inorganic salts, thus enabling alchemists to evaluate and compare purification techniques.<ref name=chase>{{Harvcolnb ...AD origins in China, the knowledge of gunpowder emerged from the search by alchemists for the secrets of life, to filter through the channels of Middle Eastern c

...lassmakers, possibly as a corruption and concatenation of two words, since alchemists and glassmakers eventually had to differentiate a ''mag'''n'''esia '''n'''e ...in glassmaking, [[Manganese(IV) oxide|manganese dioxide]] was available to alchemists, the first chemists, and was used for experiments. [[Ignatius Gottfried Kai

Iranian alchemists like [[Geber]], [[Rhazes]], Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Watwat, who included vi Sulfuric acid was discovered by medieval European alchemists. They called it "oil of vitriol". There are mentions to it in the works of

...ieval Islam|medicine]] in the [[Arab World]] during the middle ages, while alchemists like [[Paracelsus]] made some advances.