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...belladonna''), [[jimsonweed]] (''Datura stramonium''), [[Mandrake (plant)|mandrake]] (''Mandragora officinarum'') and other plants of the family [[Solanaceae ...ve potion]]. By the first century A.D. [[Dioscorides]] recognized wine of mandrake as an [[anaesthetic]] for treatment of pain or sleeplessness, to be given p

...and [[Europe]]. The scientific name is often cited as ''D. innoxia''. The plant was first described in 1768 by English botanist [[Philip Miller]], who spel ...t of the veins)|pinnate venation]].<ref name="Preissel"/> All parts of the plant emit a foul odor similar to rancid peanut butter when crushed or bruised, a

| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] ...m peltatum''''', commonly called mayapple, is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] in the family [[Berberidaceae]], native to wooded areas of eastern [[Nort

| regnum = [[Plant]]ae ...us]] but [[diclinous]] (separate male and female flowers found on the same plant) with a tuberous yellow root.<ref name="Noxious Weed Control Board">http://

...he process of numbing or the numbed state. Galen listed [[mandrake (plant)|mandrake]] root, altercus (eclata).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/boo

...have an [[ideogram]] inscribed upon them, "hul gil", which translates to "plant of joy", believed by some authors to refer to opium.<ref name=Terry1928/><r ...atives, including possibly an extract prepared from the [[mandrake (plant)|mandrake]] fruit.<ref name=Sullivan1996/> The use of preparations similar to opium i