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...ption of glucose. This action occurs in the presence of reduced amounts of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH), which is a [[coenzyme]] involv

...s the mitochondrial [[respiratory chain]], leading to an accumulation of [[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide]] hydrogen (NADH). Methylene blue acts as an alternati

...eased lactic acid production include [[alcoholism]] (due to depletion of [[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD+]] stores), heart failure, and respiratory disease

* [[Nicotinamide]]

...[oxidative phosphorylation]], thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD+]], mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis.

...can be recycled by the heart. This is very energy efficient, because one [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD⁺]] is reduced to NADH and H⁺