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KI, acting as a source of iodide, may also act as a [[nucleophilic catalyst]] for the alkylation of alkyl [[chlorides]], [[bromides]], or [[mesylates]]

...reduction, and formation of derivatives such as [[acetyl chloride]] via [[nucleophilic acyl substitution]]. Other substitution derivatives include [[acetic anhydr ...nvolves [[iodomethane]] as an intermediate, and occurs in three steps. A [[catalyst]], usually a metal [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]], is needed for the carbo

...ed by direct [[oxidation]] of [[ethylene]] in the presence of [[silver]] [[catalyst]]. It is extremely flammable and explosive and is used as a main component ...d a method of direct oxidation of ethylene in the presence of [[silver]] [[catalyst]].<ref>{{cite web

...osed to a [[bifunctional]] [[platinum]] chloride or [[rhenium]] chloride [[catalyst]] at 500–525 °C and pressures ranging from 8–50 atm. Under these condi ...40–60 atm pressure. Sometimes, higher temperatures are used instead of a catalyst (at the similar reaction condition). Under these conditions, toluene underg

...ewis acid catalyst. Organic chlorine compounds tend to be less reactive in nucleophilic substitution reactions than the corresponding bromine or iodine derivatives

...e hydrolysis where water has no effect. The acid or base is considered a [[catalyst]]. They are meant to speed up the reaction, but are recovered at the end of ...id, the carbonyl group becomes protonated, and this leads to a much easier nucleophilic attack. The products for both hydrolyses are compounds with [[carboxylic ac

...]] of the reaction as Guldberg and Waage had proposed (see, for example, [[nucleophilic aliphatic substitution]] by S_N1 or reaction of [[hydrogen]] and ...the same way and will not have an effect on the equilibrium constant. The catalyst will speed up both reactions thereby increasing the speed at which equilibr

...e selectivity of the reaction, depends not only on the nature of the metal catalyst but also on the substrate. ...lex. Based on this information, the reactions would appear to proceed via nucleophilic attack of hydroxide at cobalt. Studies show, however, that in the hydroxid

...l ether|tert-butyldiphenylsilyl]] (TBDPS) protected [[iodoethanol]] in a [[nucleophilic substitution]] of acidic C4 with [[Lithium diisopropylamide|LDA]] at -78°C ...y-4-methylquinoline'' '''9''' is sufficiently [[carbon acid|acidic]] for [[nucleophilic addition]] of its anion (by reaction with [[Lithium diisopropylamide|LDA]]

====By nucleophilic displacement==== In [[nucleophilic displacement]] a [[leaving group]] is displaced by a carbon [[nucleophile]]