Stenosis

Stenosis
Classification and external resources
File:Bronchial stenosis CT.JPG CT scan of a bronchial stenosis (arrow) that resulted from tracheobronchial injury
MeSH	D003251

A stenosis (plural: stenoses; from Ancient Greek στένωσις, "narrowing") is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.

It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).

The term coarctation is synonymous, but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.

Diagnosis

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This bruit can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging.

Causes

• atherosclerosis causes stenotic lesions in arteries.
• birth defects
• circumcision
• diabetes
• iatrogenic, e.g. secondary to radiation therapy
• infection
• inflammation
• ischemia
• neoplasm
• smoking
• ureteral
• urethral

Types

The resulting syndrome depends on the structure affected.

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

• Intermittent claudication (peripheral artery stenosis)
• Angina (coronary artery stenosis)
• Carotid artery stenosis which predispose to (strokes and transient ischaemic episodes)
• Renal artery stenosis

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Mitral stenosis
• Tricuspid valve stenosis
• Aortic valve stenosis

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

• Pyloric stenosis (gastric outflow obstruction)
• Obstructive jaundice (biliary tract stenosis)
• Bowel obstruction
• Phimosis
• Hydrocephalus
• Stenosing tenosynovitis
• Spinal stenosis
• Subglottic stenosis (SGS)

See also

• Restenosis
• Atresia

External links

• Tracheal Stenosis Audio and Videode:Stenose

sv:Stenos