Table of muscles of the human body: Torso

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This article lists the muscles found in the human torso.


Muscles of the human body: Overview
Head  |  Neck  |  Torso  |  Upper limbs  |  Lower limbs

Legend

quadriceps femoris
     rectus femoris
     vastus lateralis
     vastus intermedius
     vastus medialis
Example of formatting used in tables to denote muscles and muscle groups.

The following tables of muscles have seven columns:

  • Muscle, simply the name of the muscle
  • Origin, the fixed attachment point of one end of the muscle that does not move during a muscle contraction (usually a bone)
  • Insertion, the opposite attachment point, which does move when the muscle contracts (usually a bone)
  • Artery, the main vessel that feeds blood to the muscle
  • Innervation, the main nerve that supplies motor control to the muscle
  • Action, the visible result of the muscle contraction/relaxation (see biomechanics and human kinetics for more)
  • Antagonist, a muscle with the equal but opposite action

Often, a muscle is divided into other muscles; for example, the quadriceps femoris muscle is further subdivided into the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. In these cases, the name of the muscle group is italicized and the component muscles are indented. An example appears to the right.

For more information on many of the terms used within these tables, see anatomical terms of location, anatomical terms of motion, medical terminology, list of human anatomical features and outline of human anatomy.

Back

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
erector spinae on the spines of the last four thoracic vertebraes both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebraes lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends the vertebral column rectus abdominis muscle
     iliocostalis lateral sacral artery
     longissimus transverse process transverse process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve rectus abdominis muscle
     spinalis spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve rectus abdominis muscle
latissimus dorsi spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally deltoid, trapezius
transversospinales transverse process spinous process posterior branches
     semispinalis dorsi transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae
     semispinalis cervicis transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth
     semispinalis capitis transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna area between superior and inferior nuchal line greater occipital nerve Extends the head
     multifidus sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest spinous process posterior branch of spinal nerve Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
     rotatores transverse process spinous process posterior branch
interspinales spinous process spinous process posterior rami of spinal nerves Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column.
intertransversarii transverse process transverse process above anterior rami of spinal nerves Lateral flexion of trunk
Splenius muscles
     capitis ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6 Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone C3, C4 Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head
     cervicis spinous processes of T3-T6 transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 C5, C6

Suboccipital

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
Rectus capitis muscles
     major spinous process of the axis (C2) inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
     minor the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle
Obliquus capitis muscles
     inferior spinous process of the axis lateral mass of atlas suboccipital nerve
     superior lateral mass of atlas lateral half of the inferior nuchal line suboccipital nerve

Chest

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
intercostales ribs 1-11 ribs 2-12 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves
     external intercostal arteries intercostal nerves Inhalation internal
     internal rib - inferior border rib - superior border intercostal arteries intercostal nerves hold ribs steady external
     innermost intercostal arteries intercostal nerves
subcostales inner surface of one rib inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle intercostal nerves
transversus thoracis costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses ribs
levatores costarum transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage
Serratus posterior muscles
     inferior vertebrae T11 - L3 the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration
     superior nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3 the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs intercostal arteries 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration
diaphragm pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries phrenic and lower intercostal nerves respiration

Abdomen

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
transversus abdominis ribs and the iliac crest inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability
rectus abdominis pubis costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum inferior epigastric artery segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12) flexion of trunk/lumbar vertebrae erector spinae
pyramidalis pubic symphysis and pubic crest linea alba subcostal nerve (T12) tensing the linea alba
cremaster inguinal ligament cremasteric artery genital branch of genitofemoral nerve raise and lower the scrotum
quadratus lumborum iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4 Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage
Oblique muscles
     external Lower 8 costae Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12) Rotates torso
     internal inguinal ligament, iliac crest and the lumbodorsal fascia linea alba, xyphoid process and the inferior ribs. intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column.

Pelvis

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
coccygeus sacrospinous ligament sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis
Levator ani
     iliococcygeus ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia coccyx and anococcygeal raphe supports the viscera in pelvic cavity
     pubococcygeus back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia coccyx and sacrum controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm
     puborectalis lower part of the symphysis pubis S3, S4. levator ani nerve inhibit defecation

Perineum

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
Scphincter ani
     externus S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces
     internus pudendal nerve keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces
Superficial perineal pouch
     transversus perinei superficialis anterior part of ischial tuberosity central point of perineum pudendal nerve
     bulbospongiosus median raphé perineal artery pudendal nerve in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina
     ischiocavernosus perineal artery pudendal nerve assists the bulbospongiosus muscle
Deep perineal pouch
     transversus perinei profundus inferior rami of the ischium its fellow of the opposite side pudendal nerve
     sphincter urethrae membranaceae junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25–2 cm., and from the neighboring fasciæ its fellow of the opposite side perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence


Muscles of the human body: Overview
Head  |  Neck  |  Torso  |  Upper limbs  |  Lower limbs

Notes

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General references

External links

ru:Мышцы туловища