Table of muscles of the human body: Torso
From Self-sufficiency
This article lists the muscles found in the human torso.
Muscles of the human body: Overview |
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Head | Neck | Torso | Upper limbs | Lower limbs |
Legend
quadriceps femoris |
rectus femoris |
vastus lateralis |
vastus intermedius |
vastus medialis |
The following tables of muscles have seven columns:
- Muscle, simply the name of the muscle
- Origin, the fixed attachment point of one end of the muscle that does not move during a muscle contraction (usually a bone)
- Insertion, the opposite attachment point, which does move when the muscle contracts (usually a bone)
- Artery, the main vessel that feeds blood to the muscle
- Innervation, the main nerve that supplies motor control to the muscle
- Action, the visible result of the muscle contraction/relaxation (see biomechanics and human kinetics for more)
- Antagonist, a muscle with the equal but opposite action
Often, a muscle is divided into other muscles; for example, the quadriceps femoris muscle is further subdivided into the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. In these cases, the name of the muscle group is italicized and the component muscles are indented. An example appears to the right.
For more information on many of the terms used within these tables, see anatomical terms of location, anatomical terms of motion, medical terminology, list of human anatomical features and outline of human anatomy.
Back
Suboccipital
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rectus capitis muscles | ||||||
major | spinous process of the axis (C2) | inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone | Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) | |||
minor | the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas | the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum | a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve | extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle | ||
Obliquus capitis muscles | ||||||
inferior | spinous process of the axis | lateral mass of atlas | suboccipital nerve | |||
superior | lateral mass of atlas | lateral half of the inferior nuchal line | suboccipital nerve |
Chest
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
intercostales | ribs 1-11 | ribs 2-12 | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | ||
external | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | Inhalation | internal | ||
internal | rib - inferior border | rib - superior border | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | hold ribs steady | external |
innermost | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | ||||
subcostales | inner surface of one rib | inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle | intercostal nerves | |||
transversus thoracis | costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process | ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | depresses ribs | |
levatores costarum | transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae | superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae | dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 | Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage | ||
Serratus posterior muscles | ||||||
inferior | vertebrae T11 - L3 | the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs | intercostal arteries | intercostal nerves | depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration | |
superior | nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3 | the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs | intercostal arteries | 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves | elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration | |
diaphragm | pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries | phrenic and lower intercostal nerves | respiration |
Abdomen
Pelvis
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
coccygeus | sacrospinous ligament | sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 | closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis | |||
Levator ani | ||||||
iliococcygeus | ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia | coccyx and anococcygeal raphe | supports the viscera in pelvic cavity | |||
pubococcygeus | back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia | coccyx and sacrum | controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm | |||
puborectalis | lower part of the symphysis pubis | S3, S4. levator ani nerve | inhibit defecation |
Perineum
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scphincter ani | ||||||
externus | S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve | keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces | ||||
internus | pudendal nerve | keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces | ||||
Superficial perineal pouch | ||||||
transversus perinei superficialis | anterior part of ischial tuberosity | central point of perineum | pudendal nerve | |||
bulbospongiosus | median raphé | perineal artery | pudendal nerve | in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina | ||
ischiocavernosus | perineal artery | pudendal nerve | assists the bulbospongiosus muscle | |||
Deep perineal pouch | ||||||
transversus perinei profundus | inferior rami of the ischium | its fellow of the opposite side | pudendal nerve | |||
sphincter urethrae membranaceae | junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25–2 cm., and from the neighboring fasciæ | its fellow of the opposite side | perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) | Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence |
Muscles of the human body: Overview |
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Head | Neck | Torso | Upper limbs | Lower limbs |
Notes
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General references
- Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson, J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008). Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Textbook. phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.). Philadephia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3451-1.
- http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/muscles/muscles.html
- http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/
- http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/