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|
| Appearance
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silvery gray metallic
250px
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| General properties
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| Name, symbol, number
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cadmium, Cd, 48
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| Pronunciation
|
/ˈkædmiəm/ KAD-mee-əm
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| Element category
|
transition metal
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| Category notes
|
Alternatively considered a post-transition metal
|
| Group, period, block
|
12, 5, d
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| Standard atomic weight
|
112.411 g·mol−1
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| Electron configuration
|
[Kr] 5s2 4d10
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| Electrons per shell
|
2, 8, 18, 18, 2 (Image)
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| Physical properties
|
| Phase
|
solid
|
| Density (near r.t.)
|
8.65 g·cm−3
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| Liquid density at m.p.
|
7.996 g·cm−3
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| Melting point
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594.22 K, 321.07 °C, 609.93 °F
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| Boiling point
|
1040 K, 767 °C, 1413 °F
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| Heat of fusion
|
6.21 kJ·mol−1
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| Heat of vaporization
|
99.87 kJ·mol−1
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| Specific heat capacity
|
(25 °C) 26.020 J·mol−1·K−1
|
| Vapor pressure
|
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
530
|
583
|
654
|
745
|
867
|
1040
|
|
| Atomic properties
|
| Oxidation states
|
2, 1 (mildly basic oxide)
|
| Electronegativity
|
1.69 (Pauling scale)
|
| Ionization energies
|
1st: 867.8 kJ·mol−1
|
| 2nd: 1631.4 kJ·mol−1
|
| 3rd: 3616 kJ·mol−1
|
| Atomic radius
|
151 pm
|
| Covalent radius
|
144±9 pm
|
| Van der Waals radius
|
158 pm
|
| Miscellanea
|
| Crystal structure
|
hexagonal
|
| Magnetic ordering
|
diamagnetic[1]
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| Electrical resistivity
|
(22 °C) 72.7 nΩ·m
|
| Thermal conductivity
|
(300 K) 96.6 W·m−1·K−1
|
| Thermal expansion
|
(25 °C) 30.8 µm·m−1·K−1
|
| Speed of sound (thin rod)
|
(20 °C) 2310 m/s
|
| Young's modulus
|
50 GPa
|
| Shear modulus
|
19 GPa
|
| Bulk modulus
|
42 GPa
|
| Poisson ratio
|
0.30
|
| Mohs hardness
|
2.0
|
| Brinell hardness
|
203 MPa
|
| CAS registry number
|
7440-43-9
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| Most stable isotopes
|
| Main article: Isotopes of cadmium
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