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| Appearance
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Metallic gray
250px
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| General properties
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| Name, symbol, number
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lead, Pb, 82
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| Pronunciation
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/ˈlɛd/, led
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| Element category
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post-transition metal
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| Group, period, block
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14, 6, p
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| Standard atomic weight
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207.2 g·mol−1
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| Electron configuration
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[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
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| Electrons per shell
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2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 (Image)
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| Physical properties
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| Phase
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solid
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| Density (near r.t.)
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11.34 g·cm−3
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| Liquid density at m.p.
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10.66 g·cm−3
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| Melting point
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600.61 K, 327.46 °C, 621.43 °F
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| Boiling point
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2022 K, 1749 °C, 3180 °F
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| Heat of fusion
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4.77 kJ·mol−1
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| Heat of vaporization
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179.5 kJ·mol−1
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| Specific heat capacity
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(25 °C) 26.650 J·mol−1·K−1
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| Vapor pressure
|
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
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1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
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| at T (K)
|
978
|
1088
|
1229
|
1412
|
1660
|
2027
|
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| Atomic properties
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| Oxidation states
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4, 2, -4 (Amphoteric oxide)
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| Electronegativity
|
2.33 (Pauling scale)
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| Ionization energies
|
1st: 715.6 kJ·mol−1
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| 2nd: 1450.5 kJ·mol−1
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| 3rd: 3081.5 kJ·mol−1
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| Atomic radius
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175 pm
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| Covalent radius
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146±5 pm
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| Van der Waals radius
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202 pm
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| Miscellanea
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| Crystal structure
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face-centered cubic
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| Magnetic ordering
|
diamagnetic
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| Electrical resistivity
|
(20 °C) 208 nΩ·m
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| Thermal conductivity
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(300 K) 35.3 W·m−1·K−1
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| Thermal expansion
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(25 °C) 28.9 µm·m−1·K−1
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| Young's modulus
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16 GPa
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| Shear modulus
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5.6 GPa
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| Bulk modulus
|
46 GPa
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| Poisson ratio
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0.44
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| Mohs hardness
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1.5
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| Brinell hardness
|
38.3 MPa
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| CAS registry number
|
7439-92-1
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| Most stable isotopes
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| Main article: Isotopes of lead
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