Difference between revisions of "Cannabis indica"

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Cannabis indica
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Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Cannabaceae
Genus:	Cannabis
Species:	C. indica
Binomial name
Cannabis indica Lam.

Cannabis indica (sometimes classified Cannabis sativa spp. indica) is an annual plant in the Cannabaceae family. A putative species of the genus Cannabis, it is typically distinguished from Cannabis sativa.^[1][2] Schultes described C. indica as relatively short, conical, and densely branched, whereas C. sativa was described as tall and laxly branched.^[3] Anderson described indica plants as having short, broad leaflets whereas those of the sativa species were characterized as relatively long and narrow.^[4] Cannabis indica plants conforming to Schultes's and Anderson's descriptions may have originated from the Hindu Kush mountain range. Due to the often harsh and variable (extremely cold winters, and warm summers) climate of those parts, C. indica is well-suited for cultivation in temperate climates.

Broad-leafed Cannabis indica plants in India, Afghanistan and Pakistan are traditionally cultivated for the production of hashish. Pharmacologically, indica landraces tend to have a higher cannabidiol (CBD) content than sativa strains.^[5] Most commercially available indica strains have been selected for low levels of CBD (which is not psychoactive), with some users reporting more of a "stoned" and less of a "high" effect from indica compared to sativa. Differences in the terpenoid content of the essential oil may account for some of these differences in effect.^[6][7] Common indica strains for recreational or medicinal use include White widow and Northern Lights.

A recent genetic analysis included both the narrow-leaflet and wide-leaflet drug "biotypes" under C. indica, as well as southern and eastern Asian hemp (fiber/seed) landraces and wild Himalayan populations.^[8]

See also

• Cannabis sativa
• Cannabis ruderalis
• List of cannabis strains

References

1. ↑ Small, E., and A. Cronquist. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomy for Cannabis. Taxon 25: 405–435.
2. ↑ Greg Green. 2005. The Cannabis Breeder’s Bible. Green Candy Press, 15-17
3. ↑ Schultes, R. E., et. al. 1974. Cannabis: an example of taxonomic neglect. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets 23: 337–367.
4. ↑ Anderson, L. C. 1980. Leaf variation among Cannabis species from a controlled garden. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets 28: 61–69.
5. ↑ Hillig, K. W., and P. G. Mahlberg. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 966-975.
6. ↑ McPartland J. M., and E. B. Russo. 2001. Cannabis and Cannabis extracts: greater than the sum of their parts? Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 1(3/4) 103-132.
7. ↑ Hillig, K. W. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in Cannabis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 32: 875-891.
8. ↑ Hillig, K. W. 2005. Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52: 161-180.

External links

• Four full pages of photos of cannabis cultivation in Morocco (Rif) on www.geopium.org

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