Difference between revisions of "Grade 2 braille"

Latest revision as of 09:55, 20 September 2010

Grade Two English Braille (America Edition) is an extension of the basic Latin alphabet Braille. It has 250 symbols for letters, punctuation marks, composition signs, numerals, contractions, single-cell words, and short-form words/abbreviations.

Contractions

The information in the parentheses indicates the dots that are filled in within the braille cell. For further information see the main article on Braille.

a - (dot 1)

about - ab

above - abv

according - ac

across - acr

afternoon - afn

after - af

afterward - afw

again - ag

against - ag(st)

ally - (dot 6)y

almost - alm

already - alr

also - al

although - al(th)

altogether - alt

always - alw

ance - (dot 4 6) e

and - (dot 1 2 3 4 6)

ar - (dot 3 4 5)

as - z

ation - (dot 6) n

b - (dot 1 2)

but - b

bb - (dot 2 3)

be - (dot 2 3)

because - (be)c

before - (be)f

behind - (be)h

below - (be)l

beneath - (be)n

beside (be)s

between - (be)t

beyond - (be)y

ble - (dot 3 4 5 6)

blind - bl

braille - brl

by - (dot 3 5 6)

c - (dot 1 4)

can - c

cannot - (dot 4 5 6)c

cc - (dot 2 5)

con - (dot 2 5)

ch - (dot 1 6)

child - (dot 1 6)

character - (dot 5)(ch)

children - (ch)n

com - (dot 3 6)

conceive - (con)cv

conceiving - (con)cvg

could - cd

d - (dot 1 4 5)

do - d

day - (dot 5) d

dd - (dot 2 5 6)

dis - (dot 2 5 6)

deceive - dcv

declare - dcl

declaring - dclg

e - (dot 1 5)

every - e

ea - (dot 2)

ed - (dot 1 2 4 6)

either - ei

en - (dot 2 6)

enough - (dot 2 6)

ence - (dot 5 6) e

er (dot 1 2 4 5 6)

ever - (dot 5) e

f - (dot 1 2 4)

from - f

father - (dot 5) f

ff - (dot 2 3 5)

first - f(st)

for - (dot 1 2 3 4 5 6)

friend - fr

ful - (dot 5 6) L

g - (dot 1 2 4 5

go - g

gg - (dot 2 3 5 6)

gh - (dot 1 2 6)

good - gd

great - grt

h - (dot 1 2 5)

have - h

had - (dot 4 5 6) h

here - (dot 5) h

herself - h(er)f

him - hm

himself - hmf his 2 3 6

i - (dot 2 4)

immediate - imm

in - (dot 3 5)

ing - (dot 3 4 6)

into - (in)(to)

it - x

its - xs

itself - xf

ity - (dot 5 6) y

j - (dot 2 4 5)

just - j

K - (dot 1 3)

knowledge - k

know - (dot 5) k

L - (dot 1 2 3)

like - l

less - (dot 4 6) s

letter - Lr

little - LL

lord - (dot 5) L

m - (1 3 4)

more - m

many - (dot 4 5 6) m

ment - (dot 5 6) t

mother - (dot 5) m

much - m(ch)

must - m(st)

myself - myf

n - (dot 1 3 4 5)

not - n

name - (dot 5) n

necessary - nec

neither - nei

ness - (dot 5 6) s

o - (dot 1 3 5)

o'clock - o'c

of - (dot 1 2 3 5 6)

one - (dot 5) o

oneself - (one)f

ong - (dot 5 6) g

ou - (dot 1 2 5 6)

out - (dot 1 2 5 6)

ought - (dot 5)(ou)

ound - (dot 4 6) d

ourselves - (ou)rvs

ount - (dot 4 6) t

ow - (dot 2 4 6)

p - (dot 1 2 3 4)

people - p

paid - pd

part - (dot 5) p

perceive - p(er)cv

perceiving - p(er)cvg

perhaps - p(er)h

q - (dot 1 2 3 4 5)

quiet - q

question - (dot 5) q

quick - qk

r - (dot 1 2 3 5)

rather - r

receive - rcv

receiving - rcvg

rejoice - rjc

rejoicing - rjcg

right - (dot 5) r

s - (dot 2 3 4)

so - s

said - sd

sh - (dot 1 4 6)

shall - (dot 1 4 6)

should - (sh)d

sion - (dot 4 6, n

some - (dot 5) s

spirit - (dot 4 5 6) s

st - (dot 3 4)

still - (dot 3 4)

such - s(ch)

t - (dot 2 3 4 5)

that - t

th - (dot 1 4 5 6)

this - (dot 1 4 5 6)

the - (dot 2 3 4 6)

their - (dot 4 5 6)(the)

themselves - (the)mvs

there - (dot 5)(the)

these - (dot 4 5)(the)

those - (dot 4 5)(th)

through - (dot 5)(th)

thyself - thyf

time - (dot 5) t

tion - (dot 5 6) n

to - (dot 2 3 5)

today - td

together - tgr

tomorrow - tm

tonight - tn

u - (dot 1 3 6)

us - u

under - (dot 5) u

upon - (dot 4 5) u

v - (dot 1 2 3 6)

very - v

w - (dot 2 4 5 6)

will - w

was - (dot 3 5 6)

were - (dot 2 3 5 6)

wh - (dot 1 5 6)

which - (dot 1 5 6)

where - (dot 5)(wh)

whose - (dot 4 5)(wh)

with - (dot 2 3 4 5 6)

word - (dot 4 5) w

work - (dot 5) w

world - (dot 4 5 6) w

would - wd

x - (dot 1 3 4 6)

it - x

y - (dot 1 3 4 5 6)

you - y

young - (dot 5) y

your - yr

yourself - yrf

yourselves - yrvs

z - (dot 1 3 5 6)

as - z

See also

• Braille
• Accessible publishing
• Braille ASCII
• Braille Challenge
• Braille Institute of America
• Braille literacy
• Braille music
• Braille Watch
• List of binary codes
• List of international common standards
• Moon type
• National Braille Association
• Needle punch
• Nemeth Braille
• Refreshable Braille display
• Tactile alphabets for the blind
• Tactile graphic
• Tangible symbol systems
• Unified English Braille Code
• Braille technology

Braille for other languages

• Cantonese Braille
• Chinese braille
• Hebrew braille
• Japanese Braille
• Korean braille
• Thai Braille
• Vietnamese braille

References

External links

Organizations

• Association Valentin Haüy
• Braille Authority of North America
• Braille - American Foundation for the Blind
• National Braille Week
• Scottish Braille Press
• Royal National Institute For The Blind
• Perkins School for the Blind
• National Braille Press - offers a free Braille alphabet card
• Alternate Text Production Center
• Accessible Media Center
• National Braille Association, Inc.
• Royal Blind School.
• Braille Institute of America
• Comité Internacional ProCiegos, IAP - México

Libraries

• The National Library for the Blind
• Libraries Australia - catalog of Braille in 800+ Australian libraries
• Washington Talking Book & Braille Library - serving residents of the State of Washington, USA
• Braille Institute: Online Public Access Catalog [1]

Learning

• Learn Braille on the Internet For Free
• Braille Bug - an educational site for kids, from the American Foundation for the Blind
• BRL: Braille Through Remote Learning
• On-line Braille Course of University of São Paulo
• Online Braille Generator
• A Braille alphabet card
• Learn Braille online, change own text to Braille, Braille Writer Simulator and more
• Braille Challenge competition for blind students in North America
• English Braille, American Edition 1994, 2002 revision. (The official standard from the Braille Authority of North America)
• Instruction manual for Braille Transcribing (New 2009 Edition) from the Library of Congress Braille Transcription and Certification Program

History

• Proceedings of “Braille 1809-2009: Writing with six dots and its future”, international conference held at the Headquarters of UNESCO (Paris) from 5 to 8 January 2009
• Celebrating 200 Years of Braille
• Happy Birthday Louis! RNIB celebrates the bicentenary of the birth of Louis Braille
• Louis Braille Online Museum -- An all-new illustrated exhibit traces the history of braille and the life of this remarkable inventor.
• How Braille Began -- a detailed history of Braille's origins and the people who supported and opposed the system.
• Robert B. Irwin's As I Saw It, 1955, gives a history of the "War of the Dots" that ultimately led to the adoption of the English form of the Braille literary code in the United States and the demise of American Braille and New York Point, its main competitors.
• Making a Newspaper For Sightless Readers: By means of raised dots and lines embossed on manila paper, news of the world is conveyed to the fingertips of the blind Popular Science( monthly, January 1919, page 24-25, Scanned by Google Books )
• Historically Famous People who were Blind or Visually Impaired

Documents

• English Braille: American Edition
• Library of Congress Instructional Manual for Braille Transcribing
• Details on Braille cell representation
• Unified (English) Braille Code (including information specific to British Braille)
• Braille code for Russian and transliteration of Cyrillic

Legal

• India-Right to Information Act in Braille
• US copyright exemption for Braille

Language specific resources

• Devanagari to (Bharati) Braille Converter Download or use online.
• Bharati Braille for Indian Languages
• Braille Without Borders - Braille for Tibetans
• Greek Braille System

Computer resources

• Braille for various scripts
• Free Braille fonts
• Free Unicode Braille TTF font (supports all Braille scripts)
• Free Unicode fonts which include Braille
• Free Converter from Russian and English to Braille

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