Cardiovascular centre

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The cardiovascular centre is a part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats. It is found in the medulla. Normally, the heart beats without nervous control, but in some situations (e.g., exercise, body trauma), the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering the rate at which the heart beats. The cardiovascular centre effects changes to the heart rate via sympathetic fibres (to speed up the heart rate) and the vagus nerve (to slow down the heart rate). The accelerator and vagus nerves both connect to the sinoatrial node (SA node). The cardiovascular centre also increases the stroke volume of the heart (that is, the amount of blood it pumps). These two changes help to regulate the cardiac output, so that a sufficient amount of blood reaches tissue.

Hormones like adrenaline can affect the cardiovascular centre and cause it to increase the rate of impulses sent to the sinoatrial node, or "cardiac pacemaker", thus increasing the rate of the heart beat.

Chemoreceptors may also prompt this regulation.

Volumes	Stroke volume = End-diastolic volume – End-systolic volume Cardiac output = Heart rate · Stroke volume Afterload · Preload Frank–Starling law of the heart · Cardiac function curve · Venous return curve Aortic valve area calculation · Ejection fraction · Cardiac index
Dimensions	Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension – End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension
Interaction diagrams	Cardiac cycle · Wiggers diagram · Pressure volume diagram
Tropism	Chronotropic (Heart rate) · Dromotropic (Conduction velocity) · Inotropic (Contractility) · Batmotropic (Excitability) · Lusitropic (Relaxation)
Conduction system / Cardiac electrophysiology	Cardiac action potential (Atrial action potential, Ventricular action potential) · Effective refractory period · Pacemaker potential · EKG (P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, ST segment, T wave, U wave) · Hexaxial reference system
Chamber pressure	Central venous pressure/right atrial pressure → Right ventricular pressure → Pulmonary artery pressure → Pulmonary wedge pressure/left atrial pressure → Left ventricular pressure → Aortic pressure
Other	Ventricular remodeling

Vascular system/
Hemodynamics

Blood flow	Compliance · Vascular resistance (Total peripheral resistance) · Pulse · Perfusion
Blood pressure	Pulse pressure (Systolic - Diastolic) · Mean arterial pressure Jugular venous pressure Portal venous pressure
Regulation of BP	Baroreflex · Kinin-kallikrein system · Renin-angiotensin system · Vasoconstrictors/Vasodilators · Autoregulation (Myogenic mechanism, Tubuloglomerular feedback) · Paraganglia (Aortic body, Carotid body, Glomus cell)