Fermented milk products
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Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc. The fermentation process increases the shelf-life of the product, as well as adds to the taste and improves the digestibility of milk. There is evidence that fermented milk products have been produced since around 10,000 BC.[1] A range of different Lactobacilli strains has been grown in laboratories allowing for a wide range of cultured milk products with different tastes.
Products
Many different types of cultured milk products can be found around the world.
Soured milk
| Origin | Product(s) |
|---|---|
| acidophilus milk | |
| cheese | |
| buttermilk | |
| yoghurt | |
| 23x15px Brittany | laezh-ribod |
 Bulgaria |
kiselo mlyako |
| Caucasus | kefir |
| Central Asia | chal & kumis |
| 23x15px Denmark | kærnemælk, tykmælk, and ymer |
| 23x15px Estonia | hapupiim and kefir |
| 23x15px Finland | piimä and viili |
| 23x15px Georgia | matsoni |
 Germany |
Sauermilch or Dickmilch |
| 23x15px Greece | Xynogalo or Xynogala |
 Iceland |
skyr and súrmjólk |
 India |
Lassi |
| 23x15px Indonesia | dadiah |
| 23x15px Iran | doogh |
| 23x15px Kazakhstan | kumis |
| 23x15px Macedonia | kiselo mleko |
 Netherlands |
karnemelk (buttermilk) |
 Norway |
surmelk or kulturmelk, kefir, and tjukkmjølk[2] |
| 23x15px Poland | kwaśne mleko or zsiadłe mleko |
| 23x15px Romania | lapte bătut |
 Russia |
kefir, ryazhenka and prostokvasha |
| 23x15px Scotland | blaand |
 Serbia |
kiselo mleko |
| 23x15px Slovakia | kefir or acidofilne mlieko |
| 23x15px South Africa | amasi ("maas" in Afrikaans) |
 Sweden |
filmjölk, långfil and A-fil (fil is the short form of filmjölk) |
 USA |
clabber |
Soured cream
| Origin | Product(s) |
|---|---|
| cheese | |
| sour cream | |
| Central & Eastern Europe | smetana |
| 23x15px Croatia | mileram/kiselo vrhnje |
| 23x15px Finland | kermaviili |
 France |
crème fraîche |
| Iceland |
sýrður rjómi |
| 23x15px Mexico | crema/cream espesa |
| Norway |
rømme |
| Serbia |
kisela pavlaka |
| Sweden |
gräddfil |
Comparison chart
| Product | Alternative names | Typical milkfat content | Typical shelf life at 4°C | Fermentation agent | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheese | 1-75% | varies | a variety of bacteria and/or mold | Any number of solid fermented milk products. | |
| Crème fraîche | creme fraiche | 30-40% | 10 days[1] | naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria in cream | Mesophilic fermented cream, originally from France; higher-fat variant of sour cream. |
| Cultured sour cream | sour cream[3] | 14–18%[3] | 4 weeks[1] | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis*[3] | Mesophilic fermented pasteurized cream with an acidity of at least 0.5%. Rennet extract may be added to make a thicker product.[3] Lower fat variant of crème fraîche. |
| Filmjölk | fil | 0.1-4.5% | 10–14 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis* and Leuconostoc[4][5] | Mesophilic fermented milk, originally from Scandinavia. |
| Yogurt | yoghurt, yoghourt, yogourt, yogurt | 0.5–4% | 35–40 days[1] | Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus[3] | Thermophilic fermented milk, cultured with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. |
| Kefir | kephir, kewra, talai, mudu kekiya, milkkefir, búlgaros | 0-4% | 10–14 days[1] | Kefir grains, a mixture of bacteria and yeasts | A fermented beverage, originally from the Caucasus region, made with kefir grains. Can be made with any sugary liquid, such as milk from mammals, soy milk, or fruit juices. |
| Kumis | koumiss, kumiss, kymys, kymyz, airag, chigee | 4%? | 10–14 days[1] | Lactobacilli and yeasts | A carbonated fermented milk beverage traditionally made from horse milk. |
| Viili | filbunke | 0.1-3.5% | 14 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis* biovar. diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris and Geotrichum candidum[6] | Mesophilic fermented milk that may or may not contain fungus on the surface. Originally from Sweden but today is a Finnish specialty.[6] |
| Cultured buttermilk | 1–2% | 10 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis*[3] (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis*, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis biovar. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris)[1] | Mesophilic fermented pasteurized milk. | |
| Acidophilus milk | acidophilus cultured milk | 0.5-2% | 2 weeks[1] | Lactobacillus acidophilus[1][3] | Thermophilic fermented milk, often lowfat (2%, 1.5%) or nonfat (0.5%), cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus. |
* Streptococcus lactis has been renamed to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis[7]
References
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- Cuisine of Bulgaria
- Cuisine of Finland
- Cuisine of Germany
- Cuisine of Netherlands
- Cuisine of Norway
- Cuisine of Poland
- Cuisine of Romania
- Cuisine of South Africa
- Cuisine of Swedencs:Kysané mléčné výrobky
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "Fermented Milk Products". Canadian Dairy Commission. 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ↑ "From local food to terroir product ? - Some views about Tjukkmjølk, the traditional thick sour milk from Røros, Norway". 2005-05-04. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 pavlaka "Newer Knowledge of Dairy Foods: Other: Kinds of Other Dairy Foods". National Dairy Council. Retrieved 2007-06-30.[dead link]
- ↑ "Filmjölk" (in Swedish). Arla Foods. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ↑ "Ekologisk filmjölk" (in Swedish). Arla Foods. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Viili: the Finnish speciality" (PDF). Valio Foods & Functionals. Valio. 2003 (2): 4–5. 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
