Prostaglandin E1
File:Alprostadil.svg | |
File:Alprostadil-BallStick.png | |
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
---|---|
7-[(1R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 745-65-3 |
ATC code | C01EA01 (WHO) G04BE01 |
PubChem | CID 149351 |
DrugBank | APRD00785 |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C20H34O5 |
Molar mass | 354.481 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
(verify) |
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is pharmaceutically known as Alprostadil.[1] It is used as a drug in the treatment of erectile dysfunction[2] and has vasodilatory properties.
Sexual dysfunction
Alprostadil is sold in the United States as urethral suppositories, under the brand name MUSE [3] (Medicated Urethral Suppository for Erection) by Vivus. It is also sold in injectable form as Caverject and Edex.
Muse delivers alprostadil as a penile suppository, inserted into the urethra, at least ten minutes before the erection will be needed. Caverject and Edex are similarly fast-acting, but are actually injected directly into the corpus cavernosum of the penis.
NexMed is developing transdermal formulations—Alprox-TD(R) for men with erectile dysfunction and Femprox(R) for female sexual arousal disorder. Alprox-TD(R) has been selling in China and in Hong Kong since October 2001 and April 2002, respectively. Two Phase III studies have been completed for this product, and the Company is seeking regulatory approval in the U.S., Canada and Europe. [4]
It is also available as a generic. The major cost is that it must be mixed by a compounding pharmacy and the alprostadil is sometimes difficult to get. There are different formulations (bi-mix, trimix) which may include papaverine and/or phentolamine. A sample mix might be papaverine 30 mg, phentolamine 2 mg, & alprostadil 20 mcg
As a generic, it is much less expensive than the pre-packaged injectables. For one thing, it is premixed (must be kept refrigerated) so one only loads the syringe with the quantity needed.
Other uses
Alprostadil is also used in maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus in the newborn. This is primarily useful when there is threat of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in an infant with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, including cyanotic lesions (e.g., pulmonary atresia/stenosis, tricuspid atresia/stenosis, transposition of the great arteries) and acyanotic lesions (e.g., coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, critical aortic stenosis, interrupted aortic arch).
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ MUSE
- ↑ Fain Hughes (2007-10-29). "NEXM: Dutton Sees Strong Speculative Buy and 12-Month Price Double". Retrieved 2007-11-01.
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