Difference between revisions of "List of micronutrients"

Latest revision as of 21:01, 21 September 2010

This is a list of micronutrients.

Vitamins

• Vitamin A (retinol)
• Vitamin B complex
  • Vitamin B₁ (thiamin)
  • Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)
  • Vitamin B₃ (niacin)
  • Vitamin B₅ (pantothenic acid)
  • Vitamin B₆ group:
    • Pyridoxine
    • Pyridoxal
    • Pyridoxamine
  • Vitamin B₇ (biotin)
  • Vitamin B₈ (ergadenylic acid)
  • Vitamin B₉ (folic acid)
  • Vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin)
  • Choline
  • Inositol
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E (tocopherol)
• Vitamin K
• Biotin
• Carotenoids
  • Alpha carotene
  • Beta carotene
  • Cryptoxanthin
  • Lutein
  • Lycopene
  • Zeaxanthin

Macrominerals

• Calcium
• Chloride
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Potassium
• Sodium

Trace minerals

• Boron
• Cobalt
• Chloride
• Chromium
• Copper
• Fluoride
• Iodine
• Iron
• Manganese
• Molybdenum
• Selenium
• Zinc

Organic Acids

• Acetic acid
• Citric acid
• Lactic acid
• Malic acid
• Choline
• Taurine

Dietary supplements not listed above

Nutrients

• 5-HTP - higher bioavailable form of tryptophan, precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, promotes relaxed poise and sound sleep.
• Alpha-GPC (L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine, Choline alfoscerate) - most effective choline precursor, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
• Caffeine - improves concentration, idea production, but hinders memory encoding. Also produces jitters.
• Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) - Amino acid. Transports fatty acids through cellular membranes and cytosol into cells' mitochondria, where the fats undergo oxidation to produce ATP, the universal energy molecule. Synergistic with lipoic acid. Precursor of acetylcholine (donating the acetyl portion). Inhibits lipfuscin formation.
• CDP-Choline (Cytidine Diphosphate Choline) - choline precursor, a more economical alternative to Alpha GPC.
• Chondroitin sulfate
• Coenzyme q-10- increases oxygen transport through the mitocondria of the cells. Appears to slow age-related dementia.
• Creatine - increases brain energy levels via ATP production.
• DMAE - approved treatment for ADD/ADHD, precursor of acetylcholine, cholinergic agent, removes lipofuscin from the brain, anti-depressant
• Ephedrine
• Flavonoid - thought to have antioxidant effects, but recent studies have contradicted this. ^[1]
  • Epicatechin
  • Hesperidin
  • Naringin
  • Oligomeric proanthocyanidins
  • Quercetin
  • Rutin
  • Tangeritin
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• Garum armoricum extract - Adaptogen.
• Glucosamine - commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but evidence is conflicting and there it is not approved by the FDA for use in humans.
• Glycyrrhizic Acid
• Huperzine A - potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from Chinese club-moss.
• Idebenone - stimulates nerve growth, and has same effects as Coenzyme q-10 without its harmful side-effects.
• Inositol - Alternative source of energy. Stimulates creativity.
• Lecithin - precursor of acetylcholine.
• Lipoic acid - synergistic with Acetyl-L-carnitine.
• Phenibut
• Pregnenolone
• Phosphatidylserine
• Resveratrol
• Theanine - Amino acid. Found in tea. Increases serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. Increases alpha-wave based alert relaxation. ^[2]
• Theophylline
• Vinpocetine - micro-circulation enhancer, improves oxygen supply to brain cells.
• Yeast, nutritional

References

1. ↑ "Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids", by David Stauth, EurekAlert!. Adapted from a news release issued by Oregon State University. URL accessed .
2. ↑ Gomez-Ramirez M; Higgins, BA; Rycroft, JA; Owen, GN; Mahoney, J; Shpaner, M; Foxe, JJ (2007). "The Deployment of Intersensory Selective Attention: A High-density Electrical Mapping Study of the Effects of Theanine". Clin Neuropharmacol. 30 (1): 25–38. doi:10.1097/01.WNF.0000240940.13876.17. PMID 17272967.