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...of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BCE in ancient Babylon.}}</ref> A formula for soap consisting of water, alkali and [[Cinna The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicates that ancient Egyptians bathed regularly and combined animal and vegetable oils with alka

...mbol for [[Mercury (planet)|the planet Mercury]] (☿) has been used since ancient times to represent the element]] ...ef> The [[ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] used mercury in ointments; the [[ancient Egyptians]] and the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] used it in [[cosmetics]] which

*While legend suggests that [[Cleopatra]], the last queen of Egypt was killed by a snake bite, many historians actually believe that she commi {{Ancient anaesthesia-footer}}

...ve used it to brighten the whites of her eyes. The [[Ebers Papyrus]] is an ancient Egyptian medical treatise believed to date from 1552 BC. Translated in 1872

...erties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10&nbsp;grams of the flowers indu

...mitive&nbsp;Religion]] '''8.2.2'''&nbsp;[[Axial Age|Religions&nbsp;of&nbsp;Ancient&nbsp;Peoples]] '''8.2.3'''&nbsp;[[Hinduism]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;Other&nbsp;[[Rel ...&nbsp;the&nbsp;Aegean,&nbsp;and&nbsp;North&nbsp;Africa<BR>'''9.1.2'''&nbsp;Ancient&nbsp;Europe&nbsp;and&nbsp;Classical&nbsp;Civilizations&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbs

...ting between each of the most important ancient manuscripts), and by other ancient versions; the largest article is that on the Gospels, which is over 5 MB in *[[Eduard Meyer]], Professor of Ancient History, [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|University of Halle]].

...sh town of [[Ein Gedi]]. The resin was valued in medicine and perfume in [[ancient Greece]] and the [[Roman Empire]]. Thus [[Pliny the Elder]] mentions it as ...eir camels bearing spicery and balm and ladanum, going to carry it down to Egypt."

...e coal tar is the most effective. Petroleum tar was also used in [[ancient Egypt]]ian [[Mummy|mummification]] circa [[1st millennium BC|1000 BC]].<ref>http:

...[Papermaking]] is considered to be one of the ''[[Four Great Inventions of Ancient China]]'', since the first pulp papermaking process was developed in [[Chin

...sky scent much like that of barbecue. Producing tar from wood was known in ancient Greece, and has probably been used in Scandinavia since the Iron Age. For c ...feb05}} {{cite web | title=Geotimes - February 2005 - Mummy tar in ancient Egypt | url=http://www.geotimes.org/feb05/NN_mummytar.html | accessdate=January 9

==Ancient slag use== ...gypt.<ref>{{Cite web | title =The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)| url = http://www.antiquityofman.com/AE_glass.html |

...r shipbuilding. Other cultures such as Babylon, India, Persia, Egypt, and ancient Greece and Rome continued these uses, and in several cases the bitumen has Naturally occurring deposits of bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic [[algae]] and other once-living things. When these organisms

...Geochemistry|volume=37|page=1}}</ref> It is a [[fossil fuel]] derived from ancient [[fossilized]] [[organic material]]s. The theory was initially based on the ...y, crude oil and [[natural gas]] are products of [[diagenesis|heating]] of ancient [[organic compound|organic materials]] (i.e. [[kerogen]]) over [[geologic t

===Ancient times=== ...related to the English word [[mummy]]. Asphalt was also used by [[ancient Egypt]]ians to [[embalm]] mummies.<ref name="Abraham1938" /><ref>{{cite book |aut

[[Image:Metal production in Ancient Middle East.svg|thumb|Mining areas of the ancient [[Middle East]]. Boxes colors: [[arsenic]] is in brown, [[copper]] in red, ...devices associated or involved in metallurgy were possibly established in ancient China before Europeans mastered these crafts (such as the innovation of the

...Egypt, a minister of the Egyptian government heads a cult that meets in an ancient structure with a dry quicksand pit for disposing of undesirable individuals

Gunpowder was invented, documented, and used in [[ancient]] [[China]] where the Chinese military forces used gunpowder-based weapons ...athers", [[al-Hassan]] argues that gunpowder became prevalent in Syria and Egypt by "the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth".

...mesh with small strips of metal, with its origins dating back to [[Ancient Egypt]]. The name translates roughly as "net with metal". <ref>[http://www.embroi ...pt - Asyut]</ref> Textiles similar in concept to assuit date back to these ancient times. <ref name="liquidsilverdesigns.com">[http://www.liquidsilverdesigns.

[[File:DumbartonOaksTextileEuropa.jpg|thumb|Late antique textile, [[Egypt]]ian, now in the [[Dumbarton Oaks]] collection]] ...ve]], [[twill]] or [[satin weave]], there is little difference between the ancient and modern methods.

...xtile Industries: A Story From Pre-History To The 21st Century]</ref> From ancient times to the present day, methods of textile production have continually ev ==Ancient textiles and clothing==

*c. 5000 BC – Production of [[linen]] cloth in [[Ancient Egypt]], along with other [[bast fiber]]s including [[Juncaceae|rush]], [[Reed (p *600 AD – Oldest samples of cloth printed by [[Woodblock printing]] from Egypt.

...ta image of [[Isis]] lamenting the loss of [[Osiris]] (Eighteenth Dynasty, Egypt) [[Musée du Louvre]], [[Paris]]]] ...ulpture]] and [[pottery]], as well as [[brick]]s and [[roof shingle]]s. In ancient times, the first clay sculptures were dried (baked) in the sun after being

...t largely replaced the [[clay]] and [[gypsum]] mortars common to [[Ancient Egypt]]ian construction.<ref>{{cite book | title = Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries

...used as permanent housing in tropical countries or as summer structures by ancient northern people. ..., some civilizations built entirely with stone such as the [[Pyramids]] in Egypt, the [[Aztec]] pyramids and the remains of the [[Inca]] civilization.

Iron has been used since ancient times, though not as early as bronze or the other copper related alloys. Ir ...f [[meteor]]ic iron in 3500&nbsp;B.C. or earlier were found in [[Gerzah]], Egypt by G. A. Wainwright.{{sfn|Weeks|1968|p=31}}<!-- Typo on page 31 refers to "

===Ancient Egypt=== ...itself."<ref name="Shaw">Shaw, I. (2000). ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt''. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 108.</ref> Quarries for [[turqu

===Egypt=== *[[Alexandria, Egypt|Alexandria]] &ndash; [[Alexander the Great]]

...0.1126/science.34.883.761 | journal = Science (New York, N.Y.)}}</ref> The ancient drug [[soma]], mentioned in the [[Veda]]s, was sometimes associated with ca Cannabis was also known to the [[History of the Assyrian people|ancient Assyrians]], who discovered its psychoactive properties through the [[Aryan

...me|Romans]], [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indians]], and [[History of China#Ancient era|Chinese]]. Islamic physicians and other Eastern scholars maintained an ...ry]]. [[Ethanol|Alcohol]] is the oldest known [[sedative]]; it was used in ancient [[Mesopotamia]] thousands of years ago.<ref name=Powell1996/>

...ry Islam. He cited the case of [[Muhammad Said al-Ashmawy]] being held in Egypt is under house arrest for his own protection; [[Abdel Karim Soroush]] who w ...ntit community - p. 13, John Hunwick 2006</ref><ref name=TIMES-MUMBAI /> [[Egypt]]ian cleric: "The Jews "are enemies not because they occupied Palestine. Th

...national abduction as a last resort, in the absence of other remedies, has ancient precedents. ...orist suspects globally — including access to a small fleet of aircraft. Egypt embraced the idea... 'What was clever was that some of the senior people in

...VIEWS/main/cheese/cheese2/history.asp|title=The History Of Cheese: From An Ancient Nomad’s Horseback To Today’s Luxury Cheese Cart |work=The Nibble|publis ...entral Asia]]. Since animal skins and inflated internal organs have, since ancient times, provided storage vessels for a range of foodstuffs, it is probable t

...2001/mag4.htm|title=Beauty Secrets of the Ancient Egyptians|publisher=Tour Egypt online magazine|accessdate=2006-07-24}}</ref> ...ssed from the seeds of ''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]'', was used in ancient [[Egypt]] as the base for [[perfume]]s.<ref name="balanos"/>